Concludes that expectancy-violation (when audience does not expect the position a communicator advocates) enhances persuasive effectiveness more than similarity or unexpected similarity. (RL)

An illegal alien tells the story of some two to four million people who come to the United States seeking success, seeking happiness, seeking an equality they could not find in their own countries, but who find loneliness and fear. (NQ)

Attempted to validate the Impact of Event Scale (IES) with a large sample of males who had been exposed to combat trauma. The IES was shown to be sensitive to differences between and within the three subject groups (combat stress reaction group, combat control group, noncombat control group). Four basic patterns of intrusion and avoidance were…

Understanding how others perceive our words and make sense of them is the mark of an expert communicator. Psychological type theory provides a lens through which administrators can see things from another's viewpoint and choose their words accordingly. Includes four references. (MLH)

Provides brief historical account of three stages in development of theoretical framework which has guided research on defensive effects of motives on person perception, then proposes revised interactive model as fourth stage of conceptualization. New model suggests that defensive effects of motives on person perception are most likely to occur in…

Analyzed psychological functions of eating, drinking, and smoking in relation to behaviors of 530 young adult women. Data supported model of particular behavior being used to meet range of needs rather than particular need being met by range of behaviors. Eating was noted for pleasurable aspects, drinking for convivial aspects, and smoking for…

Investigated dream content of 104 dreams from nine terminally ill patients with estimated life expectancy of one year or less. Found differences between dreams of terminally ill and dreams of physically healthy individuals, suggesting an adaptive withdrawal and process of social and emotional disengagement by terminally ill individuals. (Author/NB)

Presents the original theory that dreams are consecutive emotions of love, desire, nondesire, and hatred showing Freudian and Jungian concepts about dream interpretation to be partly compatible with this pattern. Wish fulfillment (love, desire), "anti-wishes" (nondesire), symbolism, compensation in dreams (hatred), and the individuation…

Considers current policy of raising drinking age and possible psychological costs for adolescents. Calls colleges likely sites of heightened adolescent discontent because so many undergraduates are affected by the law change. Asserts that college administrators have opportunity to reduce some psychological effects and ensure that adolescent…

Describes Carl Jung's theory of psychological type and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), an instrument to assess Jungian type. Cites sources of information on the research and application of the theory and the MBTI. Explores how knowledge of type theory can be useful to counselor educators. (Author)

Mentally retarded emotionally disturbed children (N=31) were compared on the Child Depression Inventory and the Child Behavior Profile with 31 children in a normal school setting. Correlational data showed a strong relationship between the cut-off scores for both measures suggesting that similarities exist between depression in mentally retarded…

Ratcliff (1985) simulated data from three letter-matching experiments with his diffusion model. The necessity of including a comparison criterion is consistent with the conclusion of Proctor, Rao, and Hurst (1984) that bias of response criteria, alone, is insufficient to generate the fast-same phenomenon. (Author/LMO)

Psychiatric inpatients (N=59) were interviewd concerning psychological and environmental events that occurred in the 24 hours prior to their hospitalization. Suicide attempters were more likely to have used alcohol or marijuana and less likely to have contacted a health care professional than suicide ideators, even when past history of suicide…

Adults often have a difficult time helping children deal realistically with death. Guidelines are offered for health educators and parents to follow when counseling children confronted with death and dying situations. (DF)