Two experiments were conducted to determine the features of text to which skilled adult readers need to attend while reading and the features that either are of minimal importance or can be processed automatically without directed processing. In the first experiment, 12 college students attended to a timed picture naming task, in which a picture…

In 1975, Richard Atkinson's keyword method was formally introduced. He described the method in the context of foreign language learning. However, it has been extended to the learning of other curricular content as well, such as cities, states, individuals and their accomplishments. In the present study, eighth-grade students were presented…

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALOGIES ARE DRAWN BETWEEN LEARNING THEORY AND PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION AS AN EXTENSION OF LIBERALIZED STIMULUS RESPONSE THEORY. IN THE FIRST EXPERIMENT ON INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING OF ATTITUDES, THE SUBJECTS READ AN OPINION TO BE LEARNED, FOLLOWED BY A SUPPORTING ARGUMENT ASSUMED TO FUNCTION AS A REINFORCER. THE TIME…

A SELECTED READING AND REFERENCE LIST OF PUBLICATIONS FROM 1896 TO 1966 ON THE NATURE, RECOGNITION, AND TREATMENT OF LANGUAGE DIFFICULTIES IS PRESENTED. THE TITLES WERE SELECTED ON THE BASIS OF RELEVANCE TO THE GENERAL INTERESTS AND SPECIFIC NEEDS OF PEOPLE CONCERNED WITH LANGUAGE DISORDERS, PARTICULARLY WITH A SPECIFIC LANGUAGE DISABILITY.…

THIS STUDY WAS CONDUCTED TO EXPLORE DEVELOPMENTALLY THE FEATURES OF WORDS USED IN THE PROCESS OF ORGANIZING RELATED WORDS TOGETHER. A CONTINUOUS RECOGNITION MEMORY TASK OF 121 WORDS WAS USED IN WHICH SOME OF THE WORDS (EXPERIMENTAL WORDS) PRESENTED ONLY ONCE IN THE LIST WERE SEMANTICALLY OR PHONETICALLY RELATED TO OTHER LIST WORDS. EIGHTY THIRD-…

Free-association norms for 200 words were obtained in 1964 from the responses of 500 subjects in each of grades four through eight, 10, and 12 and from 1,000 college students. An analysis of this normative data revealed that (1) the frequency of occurrence of the most popular associative responses to stimulus words increases with the age of the…

The forty minute Remote Associates Test (RAT) is designed to measure individual differences in an ability considered to be fundamental to the creative thinking process. It is based on a strictly associative interpretation of this process, an interpretation which envisions the process as one of seeing relationships between seemingly mutually remote…

Even though response latency can vary greatly among subjects and from trial to trial for the same subject, latency as a measure of associate strength might be useful in connection with response frequency to measure degree of learning. The effects on latency and learning of two task variables--training procedure (anticipation vs. recall) and…

False recognition responses of high and low SES kindergarten subjects to associatively and acoustically related words were measured. Acoustic attribute dominance for all subjects, and relatively greater acoustic attribute dominance for low SES subjects was predicted. Results indicated that subjects encoded on both attribute dimensions, with low…

The focus of this experiment was on the effects of associative strength on retention of connected discourse, in terms of both single words and strings of words. Also of interest was the short- and long-term retention of two types of information, verbatim and substance. Verbatim information covered words and word sequences identical to those in the…

Compared was the effectiveness of language development training in 29 educable retarded children (mean CA 7.7 years) and associative grouping training in 32 educable retarded children (mean CA 8.3 years). Trained teachers instructed the children for daily half-hour sessions using either the Peabody Language Development Kit or sequenced activities…

The purpose of the document is to assess facilitating and interfering effects of various strategies in samples of children from elementary and high school grade levels. Participating in the paired-associate study were 160 children, 40 each from first, third, sixth, and eleventh grades. Subjects were required to learn a 36-item aurally presented…

This curriculum is designed primarily for use in individualized classrooms where the teacher is working with an assistant, but it has also been proven effective in traditional classrooms and in remedial situations. Program II focuses on the basic abilities used in analyzing and organizing acoustical patterns, with special emphasis on verbal…

Previous research on analogy solutions indicated that an associative relatedness process was central to the solution process. One implication of these findings was that differences in associations to the words comprising the items may produce differences in test performance and, hence, account for the vast differentials in performance of persons…

Verbal responses of 50 college freshmen were compared to determine whether any differences existed between the types of responses given by students listed as high or low in verbal ability according to the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). The students, from two colleges, were tested individually using an experimenter-devised language inventory which…