A study of the extent to which relationships exist between pupils' verbal associative learning ability and seven indices of pupil ability to verbalize utilized 32 third-grade and 34 fifth-grade pupils randomly selected from six Las Cruces schools. Raw data were collected from transcribed language samples, the Verbal Paired-Associate Test, the…

Pictures of black and white stimulus persons were shown to 96 white college students with different exposure frequencies (0,1,5, or 10) for different pictures. Subjects saw the stimulus persons either in positive settings, neutral settings, or negative settings. Analysis of variance of changes in trait ratings of the stimulus persons revealed…

To investigate organizational strategies of educable mentally retarded (EMR) and normal boys, the performance of 30 normal boys (mean IQ 105.1) and 30 EMR boys (mean IQ 69.9), ages 7-12 years, was compared on various free recall learning tasks. Three measures of input organization employed were category clustering, associative clustering, and…

This study is the fourth in a series of studies that have attempted to examine the relationship between two separate aptitude factors--associative memory and reasoning--to various performance criteria in a hierarchical learning task utilizing computer-assisted instruction. Two clear effects seem to emerge from the data. During learning, the…

The influence of two aspects of language structure, syntax and associativity, on the free recall of verbal messages was investigated. (Syntax refers to the rules for ordering words within sentences; associativity refers to the network of meaningful relationships which exist among words in a language.) Twenty-four children from each of grades…

The purpose of the experiment was to test the prediction that non-specific facilitated learning of a second prose passage will occur in the situation where an initial passage read by the subjects contained concrete referents designed to increase the comprehension of a difficult to understand second passage. Two-hundred and forty subjects…

Letter-letter, letter-number, and number-letter paired associates were used in this A-B, B-C, A-C study. There were two A-C lists, the positive-transfer stimulus-items of one became the negative-transfer stimulus-items of the other, and vice versa. Twenty subjects were included and each learned one A-C list. The main effects included, among…

The main purpose of the research was to make a comparative study of: (1) trial-and-error learning, in which a subject performs and is provided with knowledge of results; and (2) observational learning, in which a subject either observes the performance of another subject or is otherwise provided with equivalent information as to the correctness…

The first of thirteen units suggested for an environmental education curriculum is presented in this teacher's guide. The collection of units for grades K-12 was written in response to a mandate from the Minnesota State Legislature through a bill making provisions for developing and implementing a state-wide environmental education program. The…

One of a series of original statements on a central concept, principle, theory, or problem in the social sciences, this module presents a definition and some illustrations of paired associate (PA) learning and a summary of the procedures used in PA learning. Many of the important research findings on PA learning are briefly recounted and a basic…

This paper outlines one approach for adapting the widely used word association technique for use as an evaluation measure. In this approach, project participants are presented with a number of stimulus words reflecting project objectives and are asked to give free associations to these terms. Responses are scored either by the nature of semantic…

The review summarizes empirical findings and theoretical views related to the Stroop color-word phenomenon, in which naming of a color is disrupted and delayed by the presence of an "irrelevant" word denoting a color different from the color patch. It was deemed important to increase awareness of this phenomenon, since it involves basic…

The major objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the frequency of use of the language of conditional logic by mathematics teachers and students' conditional reasoning ability. Other objectives were to determine the relationship between student mathematical ability and conditional reasoning ability and the effectiveness…

The report presents results of both basic and applied research conducted at the Center for Research on Language and Language Behavior. Research was interdisciplinary and oriented toward the goal of contributing to the more effective learning, teaching, and use of language by persons of all ages and abilities. Studies described concerned oral word…