IT IS GENERALLY ADMITTED THAT THE VOCABULARY OF A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IS MORE EASILY LEARNED IF IT IS ORGANIZED IN COHERENT SEMANTIC GROUPS AROUND "SITUATIONS" OR "CENTERS OF INTEREST." WHAT IS NEEDED IS A LOGICAL AND NON-ARBITRARY TAXONOMY OF SITUATIONS. WE DISTINGUISH, FIRST, OPEN AND CLOSED SITUATIONS. CLOSED SITUATIONS (FOR EXAMPLE, DAYS OF THE…

RESEARCH WAS CONDUCTED TO FOCUS ON AN EXAMINATION OF SEVERAL ASPECTS OF THE CREATIVE PROCESS AS WELL AS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF A TEST OF CREATIVE THINKING. THE SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES WERE (1) TO CONSTRUCT A TEST WHICH WILL MEASURE CREATIVITY AT THE HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL, (2) TO IDENTIFY THE VARIABLES THAT ARE EFFECTIVE IN INFLUENCING THE CREATIVE PROCESS,…

A study extended word association methodology beyond isolated word stimuli to investigate the effects of written context on the meanings that proficient readers impart to words. A repeated-measures design was used to assess the responses of 62 sixth grade readers to target words at three levels: no context, limited context, and expanded context.…

Two separate studies were designed to investigate the effect of reading the first word of a pair on the speed of recognizing the second. One study drew its subjects from the college level; the other from the fourth grade. A Scientific Prototype Three-Channel Tachistoscope was used, and an erasing image was flashed immediately following the…

A view of word-phrase comprehension instruction as making joint use of language mediation and inductive approaches to secure concept learning is presented. The concept learning task considered appears appropriate to objectives of primary instruction and at variance with tasks that typify concept learning research. (Author)

In understanding comprehension as the active processing of reading material, and in assuming that certain key content is stored in the memory, then mnemonic cues could be one important means of recalling this stored information. Since associative words apparently have high mnemonic cue value, they have been the subject of numerous investigations.…

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of color coding on reducing the time required to reach a criterion in a paired associate learning task. This study consisted of two experiments using bones which were color coded. Data were collected on four dependent variables: (1) number of trials required to reach a criterion of two correct…

Norms of free association to common ambiguous English words are reported. Responses were categorized on the basis of sense relevance. On this basis, the sense dominance of the words was quantified, and the degree of ambiguity associated with each word estimated by the information measure U. This publication will be of interest primarily to…

THE GENERAL PROBLEM UNDER INVESTIGATION CONCERNED TWO PROCESSES OF CONCEPT FORMATION - THE DEDUCTIVE REASONING PROCESS AND THE ASSOCIATIVE PROCESS - EMPLOYED BY CHILDREN OF ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL AGE. IT WAS ASSUMED THAT BOTH OF THESE PROCESSES ARE FOUND IN VARYING DEGREES AMONG CHILDREN OF DIFFERENT AGES AND MENTAL ABILITIES, DEPENDING UPON THE…

Four experiments were conducted on the interrelationship between semantic and syntactic structures. The former were specified by the method of restricted associations, and the latter by traditional grammatical analysis. In all experiments subjects were required to generate sentences from sets of given words. The generated sentences were studied as…

This study explores the acquisition of proportionality by investigating the relationship between an understanding of proportionality and the development of cognitive structure in the domain of mechanics. (Author/MA)

Assessed the effect of associative (response) interference on the word associations of male and female process and reactive schizophrenics in two studies that used the difference in associative disturbances between high and low interference (low and high commonality stimulus words) as the measure. Findings supported predictions from a qualitative…

A short-term recall task in which letters were spaced in different ways by distractor digits was used to separate aspects of primary and secondary memory processes and to permit examination of primary memory for position, order and item independently. Memory for order appeared derivative to memory for temporal position. (CHK)

A computational model of the neural substrates of elementary associate learning is developed. It is used to demonstrate that several higher order features of classical conditioning could be elaborations of the known cellular mechanisms for simple associative learning. (Author/LMO)

Young, middle-age, and old adults ranked similarities of word pairs in a conditional rank-ordering task. Analyses of variance revealed an age-related decline in semantic processing but no such decline for elaboration. Older adults' retrieval was less compatible with initial processing than was the case for younger adults. (Author/ABB)