A study designed to serve as an initial step in building a theory of computer literacy was conducted to provide new information concerning how humans think about calculators and to determine how individual differences in students' intuitions affect their understanding and use of the calculator. Thirty-three expert and 33 novice calculator users…

One difficulty that mathematically naive subjects encounter in solving arithmetic word problems involves the limitation on short term memory (STM) capacity. It is hypothesized that naive subjects, not having access to formal problem solving strategies, may find visualization useful in reducing strain on STM. Two experiments are reported. The…

The report describes the development and accomplishments of the Early Start Preschool Program (Vineland, New Jersey), a project to overcome developmental delays in communication and learning through a structured curriculum, parent training and participation, and a model nutrition program. Six outcome objectives, including objectives of gain in…

Investigating properties and characteristics of unary operations is shown to be facilitated by using calculators. Several avenues for instructional exploration are suggested and examples given. These include questions relating to relations, inverses, commutativity, distributivity, and iterations. A discussion of the calculator algorithm for…

Several examples are given of a variety of nonstandard problems, not ordinarily found in texts or courses, now accessible to students who have programmable calculators. These include: (1) finding limits; (2) evaluating infinite series; (3) calculating finite series; (4) computing variable length products; (5) solving equations; (6) searching for…

In response to an increasing demand for faculty evaluation, focus is on elements of a successful evaluation program. It is suggested that faculty must be consulted in order to arrive at a mutually agreed upon structure, incorporating such areas as which sources should provide the information or data on which the evaluation will be based. Another…

This study was an attempt to provide some evidence on the effects of calculator usage with primary-age children. Specifically, the study compared the performance of children who had access to calculators for an extended period of time, and whose teachers used calculators in specified instructional ways, with children who did not have access to…

Five reports from a 2-year study are presented. Frequencies and descriptions of systematic errors in the four algorithms in arithmetic were studied in upper-middle income, regular, and special education classrooms involving 744 children. Children were screened for adequate knowledge of basic facts and for receiving prior instruction on the…

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship between the acquisition of conservation skills and achievement in mathematics. The conservation skills measured were numbered, mass, area and volume. Mathematics achievement was measured by the Computation, Concepts, Problem-Solving and Total Mathematics scores on the Metropolitan…

Compared the computational performance of two groups of arithmetic teachers: one group tested in 1930 and the other in 1973. Results indicated that the 1973 teachers performed significantly better than the 1930 teachers. (JMB)

Presents the use of quantity calculus in calculations arising in volumetric analysis and in the more general field of chemical stoichiometrics. (HM)

Described are two methods of calculating developed by the Dutch WISKOBAS Project: addition and subtraction with a loop abacus and multiplication using a grid model. (MP)

The objective were to explore some of the ways in which the calculator can be used and to determine the effects. Areas covered are: computation, mathematics readiness, problem solving, and discovery learning. (MP)

This bibliography lists books containing classroom-ready materials that can be used in conjunction with routine mathematics lessons. A description is given of six of these books. (MP)

Results are given of a 14-question survey of students related to the use of calculators in school. The use of mathematical tables as opposed to calculators is discussed. (MP)