The scores of fifth- and sixth-grade students on the "Survey of Reading Attitudes" revealed significant gender differences. (FL)

The purpose of this study was to identify potential sources of individual and group differences affecting formal thought, and to examine the relationship between the performance of college students on a specific formal operational task and their performance on other cognitive measures identified as possible sources of individual differences. (MK)

After some preliminary doubts about Kohlberg's method of assessing moral reasoning, six claims of his "stage-structural" theory are criticized: (1) that the stages constitute structural wholes; (2) their invariant sequence; (3) their cultural universality; (4) their logical necessity; (5) increasing cognitive adequacy; and (6) increasing…

Examines cues which guide the discovery of simple cause-effect relations, beginning with the properties (suggested by Hume) of temporal precedence, covariation and contiguity; explores variables which can influence simple causal judgments; and discusses developmental evidence regarding inference principles associated with causal schemata.…

The physical education curriculum offers children an alternative means of communication. It also has the potential to give children a sense of personal worth and control which establishes a basic foundation for self development. (JN)

Presented are findings from numerous studies in terms of a theory which integrates the theoretical position of Piagetian developmental psychology with the concept of the learning set proposed by Harlow. This integrated theory, called the metaset, is offered as a new approach to explaining the efforts of childhood bilingualism. (NQ)

Sixty college students, representing three of Kohlberg's moral judgment stages, were exposed to a compliance situation. Self-awareness was experimentally increased in 30 subjects. Those in moral stages 3 and 4 complied significantly more than stage 5 subjects. Results are discussed in terms of a cognition-behavior relationship. (Author/SJL)

In eight experiments, judgments of rectangle area by five-year-olds followed a reliable adding rule: height + width. In collateral work, the children judged the amount of liquid in a glass by a height-only rule. Implications for the Piagetian theories of centration and compensation are drawn. (SJL)

To help the classroom teacher identify speech problems in young children, the author presents some basic definitions and correction techniques, plus a chart of phonemes which normal children can articulate correctly at various ages. (SJL)

Middle school students (N=25) with exceptional educational needs were matched with regular students and assessed for their level of moral reasoning using the Objective Assessment of Moral Development. Results indicate exceptional students select types of reasoning typical of younger children, and become less like their peers with age. (RC)

Third through ninth-grade students were asked to write an essay on the subject, "Why I like to read," to determine children's language in describing their purposes for reading, to gain some impressions of what functions and purposes might emerge, and to analyze whether particular functions appear at various developmental levels. (HOD)

Presents a literature unit for high school English designed to promote students' moral development through study of moral conflicts in novels and scenarios. The unit is based on Kohlberg's moral development stage theory. Assignments, handouts, and a test are provided. (SJL)

Discusses observations of children's efforts to move from spoken language to written language and the acquisition of cohesion in first and second grade students. (HTH)

Presents the major assumptions of cognitive-developmental theory on social reasoning processes. Provides a selective review of research on social reasoning in various domains and discusses implications of the cognitive-developmental analysis of social reasoning for argumentation theory. (JMF)

Two studies indicate that Oksapmin children progress from premediational to mediational phases in their use of body parts to compare and reproduce number and that this change generally occurs prior to the development of concepts of number conservation. A third study shows that this general change is manifested in culturally specific ways.…