Examines relationship between literacy and intellectual development and the belief that literacy leads to higher forms of thought. Describes research findings among the Vai of Liberia, a people who invented a syllabic writing system to represent their own language. Investigates effects of becoming literate separately from effects of attending…

Studies using Marcia's identity status paradigm (achievement, moratorium, foreclosure, and diffusion) are reviewed. The paradigm is evaluated concerning its construct and external validity; the rationale and discriminant validity of the identity statuses; the reliability of the Identity Status Interview; and future research problems. (For Part I,…

A two-part animism questionnaire was adminstered to 200 female undergraduates with extensive backgrounds in science. When students classified objects as "living" or "nonliving," 67 percent gave evidence of animistic thought. Yet when subjects identified statements which reflected their own definition of living, 66 percent…

Phonological development in children is described in terms of four stages; (1) preverbal vocalization and perception (birth to 1;0); (2) phonology of the first 50 words (1;0 to 1;6); (3) phonology of simple morphemes (1;6 to 4;0); and (4) completion of the phonetic inventory (4;0 to 7;0). (CTM)

The development and normal variability of children's speech is described, particularly in the periods of 18 to 24 months and 24 to 36 months. Vocabulary growth, speech articulation, and sentence construction (complexity and grammar) are major topics. Causes of speech problems are listed and a bibliography is included. (CTM)

Six groups of nursery schoolers, kindergarteners, and first graders balanced for sex were trained and tested on a series of discrimination learning and transposition problems. (Author)

The article discusses Developmental Therapy--an approach to working with emotionally disturbed and autistic young children that is based upon developmental constructs--and presents the results of several studies testing its effectiveness. (Author/DLS)

Investigates the relationship between cognitive developmental level and the ideal self in adolescence, sampling 223 male and female 12- and 13-, and 15- and 16-year-old working and middle class English comprehensive school students, hypothesizing that maturity of the ideal self would be related to cognitive development. (Author/RK)

A reply to a critique of Pascual-Leone's model of children's information processing capacity. (BD)

Reviews ideas and knowledge concerning the development of a cognitive understanding of the social world from preadolescence through adolescence. Analyzes the relationship between social cognition and peer and family relations. (BD)

A number of infantile nonverbal behaviors are listed that can be interpreted as signs of a child's fundamental psychosocial orientations to others during the first year. Ethological studies of child and adult nonverbal communication suggest a considerable degree of neoteny in the human sign system. (SW)

Finds developmental differences in the abilities of eight-year-old, eleven-year-old, and adult second language learners to repeat certain grammatical sentence structures. (RL)

Two studies were conducted to test the universality of Piaget's and Kohlberg's stages of development of moral judgment in Nigerian and Pakistani cultures. Results show that the moral reasoning of Nigerian and Pakistani Muslim adolescents are greatly affected by their cultural values. (Editor/RK)

Tests the egocentric hypothesis, i.e., if it can be shown that, given spatial cues, an infant searches at a position bearing an invariant relation to these cues, but with a varying egocentric position, then there would be strong evidence that his organization of space is not necessarily egocentric. (Author/RK)

The co-leader dyad can be viewed as a small group in its own right, developing over time. The purpose of this paper is to propose a model of some of these developmental changes in member expectations, co-leader responses, and the co-leaders' relationship with each other. (Author/NG)