Investigated postural constraints on movement of 15 6-month-old infants. Results suggested that each of the developing capabilities of orienting, reaching, and kicking assumed a specific function for locomotion at the stage of crawling. (RJC)

Describes the development of children's artistic expression from age four through adolescence. Explores the visual-haptic theory, baseline theory, the inside-out expression, the fold-over picture, the upside-down depiction, and the front view-top view display. (RJC)

Studies spelling bee finalists' early and current reading and spelling experiences. Finds that gifted spellers show an early interest in language arts activities, pass through developmental stages far earlier than normal children, and rely on visual memory strategies, word meanings, and saying/writing words to master orthography. (RS)

Deviation from age-appropriate identity-development stage and problem drinking was investigated in 75 undergraduate women (18-25 years old). Results indicate that younger subjects deviating from their age-appropriate identity stage differentiation and older subjects deviating from their age-appropriate stage of identity integration were likely to…

Conducted research, based on Erikson's theory of identity development, to examine anorexic's progression through early stages of development. Results support the view that the negative aspects of development are clearly present in the anorexic. Findings have implications for school counselors. Introductory questionnaire on anorexia is appended.…

Defines "professional development" for early childhood teacher education, and cites the nine principles of effective professional development created by the National Association for the Education of Young Children. Outlines the different stages of teacher development put forth by Fuller and Katz. Believes that interaction with persons at…

Predicts the presence or absence of parent-adolescent conflict patterns across early, middle, and late adolescence. Strengthens the proposition that phases of adolescence represent successive and progressive differences in adolescent development which alter and eventually improve interaction during day-to-day parent-adolescent conflict. (SR)

Examined developmental change in the duration of memory for tone pitch in children and adults. In experiment 1, performance on a two-tone comparison task deteriorated across the intertone interval more quickly in younger than in older subjects. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the developmental difference in pitch memory persistence is unlikely to…

Implicit understanding of false belief was investigated by monitoring where preschoolers looked in anticipation of a protagonist reappearing, when the protagonist mistakenly thinks that his desired object is in a different place from where it really is. Two-year olds erroneously looked at the object's real location whereas most older children…

Examined the developmental progression of third-grade children's adherence to social norms within the relationship contexts of friendship and acquaintanceship. Found that children do differentiate their behavior within naturally occurring relationships and that this differentiation appears relatively early. Attempts to integrate research on social…

This study of 102 individuals with autism found that the brainstem and cerebellum increased in size with age but were significantly smaller in autistic patients than in controls. Analysis of the speed of development suggests that brainstem and vermian abnormalities in autism were due to an early insult and hypoplasia rather than to progressive…

Notes advantages of using dynamic models to understand cognitive functioning: (1) they are specifically intended to represent changes that systems undergo as they evolve; (2) they can capture change in a continuous fashion; (3) they can account for development of behavior that appears orderly at times and disorderly at others, and (4) chaotic…

Provides activities to help preschool children develop an understanding of the concept of time. Activities include making a sundial and a water clock or sand clock, as well as a time wheel of the months and seasons. (HTH)

Discusses issues related to psychological maladjustment, test development, life span development, and implications for practice. Although clear progress is being made, much more is unknown about how gender-related variables positively and negatively affect male development, and, subsequently, counseling psychology. (JPS)

In later life, I. P. Pavlov incorporated his findings on aging into his theory of higher nervous activity. Some of the major findings showed that salivary conditioning and stimulus differentiation were difficult to establish in old dogs, but that conditioned reflexes established earlier in life persisted into old age. Pavlov hypothesized that…