The author credits Piaget for giving an operational definition of deduction and for his descriptions of child behavior. But he states that the latter apply only to white, middle-class urban youths in Switzerland in the first half of the 20th century and cannot support Piaget's claims about invariant stages of intellectual development for all…

The study investigated the possible correlations between brain growth stages and creative art work through the evaluation of 549 samples of children's art by children in grades K through 6. The absence of a valid instrument led to the development by the investigator of a criterion referenced rating scale for evaluation of the art work. The data…

Retrospective accounts of 42 married couples were used to construct a developmental model of courtship. A basic three-stage pattern was found to characterize the majority of relationships from initial acquaintance to marriage: Casual Dating, Serious Dating and Engagement. Changes in the relationships were measured through the use of a standardized…

This training study investigated the relation between class inclusion and role-taking in elementary school children. The objectives were: (1) to establish the asynchrony between class inclusion and role-taking on an Irish sample and a French sample of preoperational children, and (2) to investigate whether this asynchrony is merely a function of…

In this paper a recent critique of Kohlberg's cognitive-developmental approach to morality by Krutines and Greif is examined in detail. The critique is found to contribute some useful indications of needed study. However, a careful analysis of the literature on moral development shows the criticisms to be largely unfounded, in several cases…

Findings of this 20-year longitudinal study support Kohlberg's theoretical predictions of invariant structural consistency of subjects' responses to hypothetical moral dilemmas. Subjects were 58 American males chosen in 1955 according to age, social class and sociometric status. They were 10, 13, or 16 years of age at Time 1. Half of each age…

Responses of four people to the book "Future Shock" are analyzed in relation to Erik Erikson's theory of personality. Results were interpreted as support for Erickson's theory and as illustration of how people interpret written language in terms of their own situations and life histories. In general, adults applied more detached and…

A search of the philosophical, psychological, and experimental literature resulted in an operational definition of empathy, "A Hierarchy of Empathy." In a three age-level study employing an instrument derived from "A Hierarchy of Empathy," creative dramatic and discussion responses to a film of a Northwest American Indian…

Two experiments were conducted to assess the ability of preservice teachers to score moral thought statements using Kohlberg's theory of moral development. Results indicate that teachers, in general, are not able to rate the statements with consistency. (JKS)

The developmental sequence of bladder and bowel control is outlined, and the deficiencies in this sequence which are frequently experienced by the retarded are described. (Author)

The data indicate that fathers do interact with their infants, and that they demonstrate charactersitic styles of interaction. (Author)

Five-year-old children were trained on the length relationships between adjacent members of a five-term series of sticks, and subsequently tested on their abilities (1) to judge the length relationships between nonadjacent pairs of the series, and (2) to incorporate an unseen novel stick into the series through inference. (CM)

The author outlines the different stages of psychological aggression, the pathology of aggressive tendencies, "triggers" of aggressive behavior, the dangers for society, and recommendations for prevention of violence. (RK)

"Marriage" is treated as a mental concept that evolves in a developmental sequence of four qualitatively distinct stages: Magical, Idealized Conventional, Individualistic, and Affirmational. Each stage is illustrated with excerpts from Ingmar Bergman's Scenes From a Marriage. Some applications for marriage counselors are suggested. (Author)