The implications for nursing education of the fact that nursing started as a woman's occupation in a field dominated by the male physician are considered. Although in 1873 nursing represented a real educational opportunity for large numbers of women, none of the prestigious women's colleges were interested in educating women for careers. In the…

Suggests that power may be a better ally for the social reformer than logic. There seems to be little chance that the majority will recognize the claims of the exploited minorities unless they can amass enough power to enforce their demands. The powerful are seen to generate philosophies to justify the most unequal of outcomes. (Author/AM)

Attempts to show conceptually that the continued poverty of the black community is a result of the persistence of an overall environment that keeps black people in subjugation, developing a framework identifying the quantitative and qualitative nature of the environment, and discussing various aspects of the economic conditions of black people.…

The pressures for accountability and collective bargaining will formally and forcefully alter the existing informal balance of power relationship between the structures of official law and policy on the one hand and the informal structure of teacher professionalism and colleagueship on the other. (Author/IRT)

Three samples of graduating students, drawn from engineering, education, and social sciences, were tested before and after a period of full-time employment for changes in attitudes toward authority. The hypothesis that negative attitudes would decline and submissive responses would increase for subjects making the transition from university to…

This paper examines two fundamental and related issues in the preparation of educational administrators in developing nations, and particularly in the Commonwealth Caribbean. These two issues are educational administration's relationship to regional development and its relationship to the unequal distribution of power. The first section of the…

A study of 188 superintendents and 379 school board members in districts with student enrollments above 25,000 sheds light on several factors affecting the working relationships between superintendents and their local boards. Board members tended to follow personal judgment rather than constituent preferences when making decisions, and received…

Sexual harassment of Penn State students by school employees was studied in 1982. The research focused on harassment by employees who had power over the student or who were in a position to affect the student's educational experience. A random sample of 515 full-time female students was asked whether university employees had ever: stared at or…

With the rise of absolutism and determinism, conformity--the conformity generated by bureaucratized social institutions, entrenched economic and political interests, monopolized sources of information, and moral majoritarianism--has begun to pose a major threat to democratic community in America. This paper focuses on the conceptual relationships…

The Federal Republic of Germany has begun an experiment in industrial democracy giving workers federally guaranteed rights and authority in industrial decision making. All workers in companies with five or more employees are entitled to elect a works council with which management must consult concerning all employment policies and conditions. All…

Organizational systematics were applied to a classification scheme for postsecondary institutions using a combined phyletic-phenetic approach. Nine characteristics of organizational structure were operationalized for the college setting: institutional autonomy, centralized decision making, functional specialization, effective participation,…

A survey was conducted of 102 active quality circle members drawn from five organizations to determine how quality circle participation affected communication, as perceived by members themselves. The survey consisted of two parts. The first part contained ten open-ended questions inquiring about the respondent's personal experience in quality…

The research described in this paper concerns nurses' alleged use of an indirect communication style, "The Doctor-Nurse Game," to influence physicians to change an order believed to be inappropriate for the patient. The paper is organized to (1) point out the parallels of the inappropriate order situation with a larger class of…

J. Hage and F. Hull (1981) developed a typology of organizations based on two major dimensions--scale and complexity. The typology delineates four types of organizations: Type 1, "traditional" organizations, typically small-scale structures with low complexity; Type 2, "mechanical" organizations that are large scale, low complexity structures…

A theoretical framework for the process of faculty renewal in the 1980s was proposed, based on examination of the role of department heads as in-house agents of change for staff development. Support for the theory was sought using three empirical statements to test the relationship of department heads' manipulative orientation and social insight…