If research is to be truly integrated throughout the entire spectrum of nursing education, then graduate education must use the resources and potentials of nurse researchers more productively and more constructively. (Author)

The use of a university exam to test the effects of ESP produced essentially overlapping distributions of performances by the experimental and control groups. (Author/KM)

A rationale is presented for the systematic evaluation of gifted/talented education programs, citing the consequences of failure to carry out such evaluation. Historically, evaluation of gifted programs was not emphasized, as the evaluation process involved experimental designs, control groups, and parametric statistics which could only be…

The use of multivariate statistics in behavioral research is investigated, with emphasis on the reasons why multivariate methods can be so important. The concepts of testwise and experimentwise error are explained, and it is noted that multivariate methods can be used to control the inflation of experimentwise Type I error. It is also noted that…

A family resemblance model of emotions is proposed which uses Darwin's discussion of emotions and Eleanor Rosch's and the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein's work on family resemblances. In Darwin's discussion of emotions, certain core features are thought to be widely shared by the members of the respective families of emotions, and more marginal…

The subliminal psychodynamic activation method (SPA), used in testing psychoanalytic propositions, has been subject to recent criticisms regarding methodological weaknesses. A review of the literature relating to this method can be helpful in determining the validity of these criticisms and the potential usefulness of the SPA method in testing…

The mood-dependent retrieval hypothesis states that mood will enhance recall by acting as a recall cue if the stimuli have been learned initially in the same mood. Material learned in a happy mood will be best recalled when the person returns to a happy mood; the same holds for a sad mood. Mood-dependent retrieval effect has been regulary…

Statisticians can help to improve human rights reporting. The statistician's approach to measurement, summary, and interpretation is needed to understand and help reduce human rights violations. Statistical problems in the measurement and analysis of human rights violations include: lack of agreement on the definition; great difficulties in…

This paper addresses a variation of the traditional validity question asked of qualitative researchers. Here the question is not "How do we know the qualitative researcher's question is valid?" but rather, "How does the qualitative researcher choose from among a multitude of apparently valid or at least plausible…

Because human beings are different and are necessarily subjective, and because evaluation always involves the human factor, many problems arise. The problems may be compounded in third world settings because they have been studied less, and are less understood, and because evaluators are often from outside the setting and therefore bring…

Research techniques that were used during the last 20 years to examine the homeless were investigated to identify the types of homeless people studied and the advantages/limitations of various research strategies. The objectives of this investigation were to: (1) review and critique the type of data collected and the research methods used by…

The term "problem" has been poorly defined in the literature on the research process. The author has attempted to define the term more specifically than as an instance of indeterminacy. It can be determined as one of four instances of indeterminacy: anomaly, unverified facts, uncharted areas, or conflicting evidence. In each of these…

The concept of organizational goals, although basic to the study of complex organizations, is no longer analyzed frequently by organizational researchers. The discipline of organizational studies began by concentrating on organizational goals, but by the 1960s researchers had found the concept inadequate as an explanatory variable. They moved to…

Paper prepared under Grant RD-2286-P of the Social and Rehabilitation Service, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.