Suggests that intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts are influential in marital relationships. Results indicate happy couples had predispositions for productively managing conflict; clinical couples had higher aggressiveness predispositions. Happy couples also had more loyalty to their communities, more energy for tasks, and more positive…

Tested three hypotheses focusing on the role of religion in the personal adjustment of older age cohorts. Examined life satisfaction as it relates to age, physical disabilities, and church attendance. Results of interviews with 1,170 older adults suggested physical disabilities may explain decline in church attendance with age. (RC)

Studied 15 adolescent runaways in an inpatient long-term treatment setting. Results showed that more runaways were male, and most were away only a short time. In many cases, behavior improvement resulted. Impulsive behavior and anxiety were related to the short time and distance of elopement. (Author/JAC)

Considers whether categories of parent behavior (i.e., egalitarian warmth, authoritarian hostility, autonomy, and intrusive over-involvement) consistently appear as polar opposites in a two-dimensional structure, investigating whether these categories transcend methodological differences, cultural boundaries, and the passage of time. The relevance…

Determined the role of the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) in prediction of parental coping with leukemia. None of the standard CPI subscales was a significant predictor of coping. Coping with the specific situation may be a better predictor of later coping with a similar situation than more global assessments. (Author)

Rated community mental health clinic clients after the initial session. Therapist ratings of client behavior were related significantly to subsequent attendance. Early dropouts were characterized by youth and a lower education level. They were less likely to be employed and more likely to have diagnosed personality disorders. (Author/JAC)

Graduate counseling students and undergraduate students evaluated content-filtered stimulus tapes of counseling sessions with male and female counselors. Counselors with low amounts of talking were evaluated most favorably on a liking dimension, and counselors with high amounts of talking were evaluated most strongly on a domineering dimension.…

Asked 61 male clinical psychologists (21 Blacks and 40 Whites) to assess case histories presented to determine whether racial or social class biases could be detected. Diagnosis, disposition, and rated severity were studied. Diagnosis was guided by case characteristics, not bias. Severity was related strongly to diagnosis. (Author)

Other-directed (interpersonally sensitive) or inner-directed (interpersonally less sensitive) students (N=80) observed a videotape of a person acting in either a role-consonant or a role-deviant manner. As expected, there was significantly less variance among the ratings when other-directed observers viewed role-deviant behavior than in the other…

Subjects either punished incorrect or rewarded correct responses made by a confederate on a learning task. In three experiments subjects were, interrupted midway through the learning trials. Half were individuated and half were deindividuated; they were provided a "hot-line" to summon the experimenter. Found no reliable methods for inhibiting…

Replicated a 1965 survey of premarital sexual behavior and attitudes among college students. Results indicated: (1) continued but asymptotic increase in reported premarital sexual behavior among both men and women; (2) fewer differences in attitudes and behavior between men and women; and (3) existence of a "new" double standard.…

Investigates the proficiency level of adult readers on the "when" and "where" aspects of storing and retrieving information to successfully complete a task. (HOD)

Describes some obdurate problems and issues in personality theory and research and the shortcomings of attempts to resolve them. Assesses the trans-situational consistency of behavioral persistence of 22 second graders (10 males, 12 females) in east Vancouver by intercorrelating the rank orders of their behavioral persistence scores from three…

Various definitions of shyness are suggested that denote shyness as overt bits of behavior, an intervening variable, and an experimental state. Describes a definition of shyness in global and specific forms, and constructs a theory of the causation, modifiability, and prevention of shyness. (Author)

Developed, on the basis of responses from 608 undergraduate students to the 33-item Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, three short forms of the scale. Comparisons made between the short forms examined in this investigation suggest the 13-item form as a viable substitute for the regular 33-item Marlowe-Crowne scale. (Author)