This study aimed to introduce an ego-resiliency questionnaire for preadolescents (the ER-P) by restructuring the ER89 using the data of 1398 preadolescents from the Panel Study on Korean Children. The ER-P was proposed as a 10-item second-order instrument with two factors (Optimal Regulation and Openness to Life Experiences). The ER-P achieved…

Connectedness to nature influences the well-being and health of individuals, communities, and the planet. Although many validated scales exist, none includes the three fundamental aspects of any attitude: the affective, behavioural, and cognitive components. The study's main objective was to develop and validate an integral tool, the ABC e…

Teacher autonomy positively impacts various profession-related variables, including professional self-efficacy, motivation, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, teacher success, and job performance. The development and adaptation of sound instruments will contribute to achieving a complete understanding of teachers' autonomous behavior and…

Purpose: This research note illustrates the effects of video data with nonsquare pixels on the pixel-based measures obtained from videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS). Method: Six pixel-based distance and area measures were obtained from two different videoflouroscopic study units; both yielding videos with nonsquare pixels with different…

This study aimed to adapt Teacher Academic Optimism Scale--Secondary (TAOS-S) to Turkish culture. A total of 453 public school teachers in Turkey participated in the study. We examined the validity, reliability, and measurement invariance of the scale across school levels. The results indicated good internal consistency of the TAOS, suggesting a…

Background: This paper develops a new method to estimate quasi-experimental evaluation models when it is necessary to control for measurement error in predictors and individual assignment to the treatment group is based on these same fallible variables. A major methodological finding of the study is that standard methods of estimating models that…

Flame Emission Spectroscopy (FES) is a powerful analytical technique widely used for identifying and quantifying elements in various samples. In this laboratory experiment, undergraduate students were introduced to FES and its significance in analytical chemistry. The experiment aimed to provide students with hands-on experience in constructing…

How parents value and address emotions with their children is essential for children's emotion socialization. This study developed and validated the short Parent-Child Emotion Communication questionnaire (PEC), which measures the extent to which parents appreciate emotions, consciously discuss their own and their child's emotions with their…

Computational Thinking (CT) skill was a part of the global framework of reference on Digital Literacy for Indicator 4.4.2, widely developed in mathematics and science learning. This study aimed to promote an assessment tool using a two-tier Computerized Adaptive Test (CAT). The study used the Design and Development Research (DDR) method with four…

The Stranger Face Trust scale (SFT) and Imaginary Stranger Trust scale (IST) are two new self-report measures of generalized trust that assess trust in strangers--both real and imaginary--across four trust domains. Prior research has established the reliability and validity of SFT and IST, but a number of measurement validation tests remain.…

Data in social and behavioral sciences typically contain measurement errors and also do not have predefined metrics. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is commonly used to analyze such data. This article discuss issues in latent-variable modeling as compared to regression analysis with composite-scores. Via logical reasoning and analytical results…

In continuous testing programs, some items are repeatedly used across test administrations, and statistical methods are often used to evaluate whether items become compromised due to examinees' preknowledge. In this study, we proposed a residual method to detect compromised items when a test can be partitioned into two subsets of items: secure…

In the logistic regression (LR) procedure for differential item functioning (DIF), the parameters of LR have often been estimated using maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. However, ML estimation suffers from the finite-sample bias. Furthermore, ML estimation for LR can be substantially biased in the presence of rare event data. The bias of ML…

Smoothing is designed to yield smoother equating results that can reduce random equating error without introducing very much systematic error. The main objective of this study is to propose a new statistic and to compare its performance to the performance of the Akaike information criterion and likelihood ratio chi-square difference statistics in…

Pairwise comparison is becoming increasingly popular as a holistic measurement method in education. Unfortunately, many comparisons are required for reliable measurement. To reduce the number of required comparisons, we developed an adaptive selection algorithm (ASA) that selects the most informative comparisons while taking the uncertainty of the…