The introduction of techniques for digitizing photographic images, as well as the subsequent development of powerful image-editing software, has both broadened the possibilities of altering photographs and brought the means for doing so within the reach of many. This article is an informal review of the ways image-editing software can be used to…

The potential of nonverbal communication as a field of inquiry for educators is explored in this paper. Following a brief introduction, the first section of the paper discusses basic concepts in nonverbal communication, beginning with two related definitions and a review of research. The functional significance of nonverbal communication is…

Each individual views the world from a frame of reference that is unique and personal. Messages are perceived in three steps: (1) data is selected data; (2) information is organized in some meaningful way; and (3) the information is interpreted. Three activities (paperfolding, T-puzzle, and cooperative geometry) were devised to display the need…

This examination of the nature of leadership identifies communication as one of the most important elements of leadership, and discusses the 16 basic and 32 mixed types of personalities with whom leaders interact. The communication styles of individuals with each of these temperament styles are also discussed. The importance of effective listening…

The interaction of 12 hearing-impaired children (13-16 months old) and their caregivers was examined. Videotapes of mother-child interactions were recorded during play with a range of toys. Analysis focused on mothers' attention controls, action controls, prohibitives, imperatives, and interrogatives as well as nonverbal controls. Results revealed…

After a short discussion of what body language is and does, suggests nineteen activities that can be used to increase children's awareness of the importance of kinesics to communication. (TO)

This experiment was designed to investigate the generality-specificity of the accuracy of both encoders and decoders across different types of nonverbal behavior. It was expected that encoders and decoders would exhibit generality in their behavior--i.e., the same level of accuracy--on the dimension of behavior content…

The article discusses the process of uniting inherently-linguistic and extra-linguistic factors in communication, examining the reasons for paralinguistic phenomena, their nature and tasks both in oral and written communication, and the ways in which they affect the entire system of the language. (CLK)

Research findings concerning early parent/infant interaction are presented to counter prevalent myths concerning the nature of babies. The myth of the passive infant is counterposed to research findings on the attempts of the infant to evoke from caretakers the attention it needs for its development. Special attention is given to the topics of…

Research has documented two behavior patterns known as Type A and Type B. Type A behavior is characterized by competitive striving, a sense of urgency, and hostility, while Type B behavior is less aggressive and more relaxed. It has been theorized that individuals exhibiting Type A behavior have a strong need to maintain control over their…

Because the nonverbal component of communication is culture-specific, effective communication in a second language requires knowledge of the body language typical of speakers of that language. For example, Americans and Hispanics have a different sense of proxemics, Hispanics favoring closeness during conversation. Instruction in nonverbal…