Suggests that cycles of stress and anxiety in middle age may have a developmental etiology and may be a necessary part of the developmental process. Proposes reintegration of the cognitive structure to accommodate new elements reduces stress, leaving the adult changed with respect to certain beliefs. (Author/JAC)

Suggests modern age stratification contributes to greater differentiation of old age and lowered status. Proposes discontinuity in the transition to old age makes time a central issue. Concludes the psychological constriction of older people results from failure to facilitate creative personal expression through the life cycle. (Author)

An examination of the reported psychological profile of runaways suggests no clear relationship between personality and runaway behavior. A multiplicity of factors are potential causal agents for running away; these factors range from sociocultural values to school problems. Future research might focus on alternative values, rather than on…

Problems encountered in a psychiatry clerkship when the medical student identifies in various ways with his psychiatric patients are described. The patterns of this identification process and the effects on student-patient interaction are included. The students were enrolled at the University of Illinois School of Medicine. (Author/JMD)

Examines how people with a high-achievement need attribute success to their ability and effort and failure to external factors such as task difficulty. Contrasts this behavior with people who have a low-achievement need. The measuring device was a multiple-choice questionnaire designed to reveal participant tendencies. (MJP)

Survey of 1,121 adolescent females, including 303 who reported being sexually assaulted, found that White females were twice as likely as Mexican Americans to have reported sexual assault. Compared to nonvictims, sexual assault victims reported more emotional distress, social isolation, and deviant behavior; poorer school adjustment; and greater…

Explores the extent of Navajos' bond with their homeland. The land is critical to the Navajo world view, which emphasizes harmony and orderly conditions, and plays an essential role in myths and ceremonies. When Navajos leave their homeland to pursue educational or professional endeavors, emotional distress can undermine their success. Includes…

Examines moral exclusion from the perspective of prejudice and stereotyping. Analyzes the causes and consequences of delegitimization. Suggests two models that describe the role of conflict in delegitimization and of ethnocentrism in delegitimization. Describes historical events that illustrate the consequences of delegitimization. (JS)

Describes field and experimental research that sought means to promote respect for lower status outgroups. Explores alternative approaches to improving justice. Reviews recent empirical work focused on the following topics: (1) reducing negative stereotypes; (2) diminishing justifications for bias; and (3) increasing intergroup attraction. (JS)

Uses psychoanalytic and family systems theory to explore the following: (1) how college matriculation for first-generation college students is linked to multi-generational family dynamics; and (2) how these students reconcile (or do not reconcile) the often conflicting requirements of family membership and educational mobility. (Author/BJV)

Examines the way in which integration or mainstreaming policies in Australia have been subverted by labeling disruptive young people as defective and by deploying the practices and culture of disability as a means of imposing social control on such students. Suggestions are given for reframing the issue of school failure as interactional rather…

Advocates that language anxiety can play a significant causal role in creating individual differences in both language learning and communication. This paper studies the role of anxiety in the language learning process and concludes that the linguistic coding deficit hypothesis errs in assigning epiphenomenal status to language anxiety. (57…

Studied is the validity of a theoretical model of achievement behaviors of 746 eighth grade students. Hypothesized effects of value of mathematics and expectations for success were not apparent. Direct influences on achievement for male were prior achievement and value, but for females, influences of difficulty, male domain stereotyping, and…

Investigated emotional and facial expressivity in infants who failed to thrive and normal infants who were videotaped in social and cognitive contexts. Although differences in emotional expressivity were not found, infants who failed to thrive displayed more negative effects and used their lower faces less often to express emotion. (Author/BB)

The relationship between very early menarche and depression was studied in a sample of 488 girls (336 sixth graders and 152 seventh graders), less than 10 percent of whom were very early maturers. Very early menarche was associated with higher levels of depression than was more normative development. (SLD)