This paper discusses research findings associated with differences in pay among women and men in higher education and examines the notion that salary differences can be explained as a result of women being more care oriented than men; i.e., women possess a greater level of caring for others, sensitivity to others, and a connectedness to others. It…

Both behavioral and cognitive coping strategies are determined by an individual's perception of the stressful stimuli. To investigate the relationship of an individual's usual coping style to differential responses to a behavioral or cognitive stressor in four response systems (heart rate, muscle tension, galvanic skin response, and subjective…

Although much is being written about the sociological aspects of the battering syndrome, little has been done to investigate the personality characteristics of battered women. To investigate the personality characteristics which relate to the life styles of battered women, 60 women (30 battered women, 30 non-battered women), ranging in age from 19…

Bulimia is an eating disorder prevalent among young women, characterized by binge eating episodes followed by purging with subsequent depressive moods and self-deprecating thoughts. To determine whether bulimic women exhibit a greater discrepancy between their perceived and ideal selves than do nonbulimics, three samples of women were assessed.…

A review of sex-role scales in the psychological and sociological literature indicated a need for an up-to-date scale focusing on normative conceptions of appropriate male and female behavior, or sex-role orientation (SRO). The authors developed a 36-item Likert-type scale to measure SRO; the scale appears to be reliable and valid. (Author)

Asserts that there exists specific economic practices directed toward black families, which force the latter to exist as survival units in the so-called American economy (translated as white supremacy economy). These practices cannot be adequately understood it is held, and thus cannot be effectively countered unless viewed in the total context of…

The effect of three affective student characteristics, in comparison with selected student ability characteristics, on course grade in elementary language courses is examined. Results imply that affective characteristics have at least as much influence on learning as do ability factors. (Author/RM)

The experiences of war widows in Israel offer guidelines for aiding widows everywhere to adjust to their new roles. The stages of grief are described, and a model is presented to help the widow cope with both the emotional and concrete tasks of bereavement and to consider her future as a woman. (Author)

Experienced elementary teachers (N=98) described their general strategies for coping with failure syndrome students and told how they would handle incidents depicted in two vignettes portraying failure syndrome problems at school. Compared to their responses concerning some of the other problem student types addressed in the Classroom Strategy…

Creativity is a natural skill, but one that can be lost in the pursuit of linear knowledge in the academic classroom. There are historical reasons why the development of natural creativity has been suppressed (the Enlightenment, for example, with its emphasis on scientific method and empirical proof). Right brain/left brain research and…

Recently, research has examined interpersonal factors that influence the maintenance of depression. Data suggest that depressives tend to alienate others in their social environment. This study examined rejection effects following repeated exposure to a stranger whose depressive symptomatology increased, decreased, or remained unchanged. Female…

This transcript of a conference presentation describes a motivational model of alcohol use that shows the interrelationship between the various factors that affect drinking. First, a flow diagram is presented and described that shows how complex biological, psychological, and environmental variables contribute to a person's motivation for…

Eating disorders within males are relatively uncommon, with estimates suggesting incidence rates of only five percent of the sample. This single-subject, reversal design case study examines the etiological variables of a 22-year-old male bulimic patient. Consultation for treatment was made by the patient's parents. Family assessment made in the…

A review of the literature on job analysis and job evaluation reveals several aspects of jobs which are important to organizations. To better explain the psychological dimensions of the work environment, three models of perceived job characteristics were compared using confirmatory factor analysis: Walsh, Taber, and Beehr's (1980) components of…

Four major formulations of the relationship between sex role orientation and successful adaptation have found support in the literature: a traditional sex role, androgyny, masculinity, and androgyny for females. The adaptive implications of sex role orientation were examined on constructs reflecting intrapersonal functioning, i.e., ego identity…