This report presents the results of two experimental studies undertaken to investigate some of the differences in success and failure attributions made by actors and observers in an achievement situation. Causal attributions of a person actually experiencing a success or failure (the actor) and someone who read about the situation (the observer)…

In an attempt to test the role of situational factors on alcohol consumption, this laboratory study was designed to determine if angered subjects would drink more in a tasting task than nonangered subjects. It was hypothesized (1) that subjects who were angered would drink more in the tasting task than control subjects; and (2) that subjects who…

In this study of young male schizophrenic patients who reported they were not taking antipsychotic medication at follow-up, those treated with placebos in contrast to those treated with chlorpromazine while hospitalized showed significantly greater long term clinical improvement, less pathology at follow-up, fewer rehospitalizations and better…

The basic hypothesis of this paper is that problems in separation-individuation in infancy and/or adolescence may result in difficulties in utilizing learning skills. Furthermore, it is emphasized that the two periods of separation-individuation, while similar in many ways, have their own unique qualities and resolutions. Three case histories are…

This study examines the male and female connotations associated with four emotion terms (happy, angry, excited, and safe) as determined by a feature listing and hierarchy ranking of these features. The feature listing consisted of the Ss' short list of items that "made them feel like" the particular emotion. The hierarchy refers to the…

Emotional expressiveness is generally considered to be an important verbal behavior in the therapeutic interview. The purpose of this research was to examine, within the limits of a low structured, counseling-type situation and under conditions of response contingent and non-contingent reinforcement, the existance of two emotional affect-type…

This paper presents a theory of shame development and resolution. Shame is a primary effect that is induced interpersonally. Shame inducement occurs when one significant person breaks the interpersonal bridge with another. Following internalization of shame within the personality, shame activation becomes an autonomous function of the self and the…

This study was designed to extend discussion of fear of success beyond the college population, using Horner's original coding scheme to examine the thematic imagery of TAT stories told by a cross-section of the public during a survey interview. The data collected from this sample of the general public contrasted in several ways with data gathered…

An inquiry was conducted into the question of the influence of Christmas and Easter on the occurrence of death. The authors hypothesized that dying might be postponed until after these two important events resulting in a significantly increased frequency of death after these holidays. Obituaries were read for 4 weeks before and 4 weeks after each…

The present study was designed to test hypotheses derived from Horner's theory concerning the effect of the sex-role orientation of the situation on the arousal of the motive to avoid success in women. The study compared the performance of women high and low in the motive to avoid success in a male-oriented and a female-oriented situation. It was…

The present research examined possible sex differences in the relative strengths of the norms of equity and equality as determinants of reward distribution behavior. The subjects of the study were 72 male and 78 female undergraduate students. It was predicted that females would be more concerned with equality than males. Results supported the…

The relationship between stress and adjustment and the perceived severity of father's drinking was studied in a random sample of adolescents in a southeastern general population. Significant differences were found on measures of psychophysiological stress, degree of anger usually expressed and activities used to relieve depression. Children of…

The purpose of this experiment was to relate two bodies of research on anxiety: test anxiety, or anxiety proneness specific to the testing situation, and trait-state anxiety. The author hypothesized that state anxiety--anxiety not tied to any particular situation but aroused in "any" situation--should be highly related to test anxiety during a…

One conception of ego development and recent research on its outcome are presented. The infant first asserts his selfhood through demand and negation. This is the Impulsive stage. The next stage is the Ritual-hedonistic stage, in which controls are supplied by ritual observances, and reward and punishment remain important sanctions. The next…

This investigation sought to determine the relationship, in fifth grade children, between semantic divergent thinking and different types of risk taking. Also studied was the pattern of relationships between types of risk taking behavior and the variables of: (1) types of divergent thinking, (2) need for achievement, (3) sex, and (4) IQ. The…