A process is described for multiple comparisons when covariates are involved in the analysis. The method can be accomplished with considerable ease whenever pairwise comparisons are involved. More complex contrasts require the use of full and restricted models of variance. (CTM)

Raw scores for the clinical scales of MMPI can be changed to T scores by linear transformation. If the underlying distributions of raw scores are not distributed normally, one cannot assume the traditional point of significance. Suggests that clinicians consider more conservative interpretation for some scales. (Author)

When reporting results, researchers must not change predetermined significance levels. Such attempts to make results more significant are statistically inaccurate, illogical, and unethical. American Psychological Association standards for reporting significance should be more explicit. (CP)

A procedure for approximating attained significance levels of exact conditional tests is proposed. The procedure utilizes a sampling from the null distribution of tables having the same marginal frequencies as the observed tables. (Author/JKS)

The negative bias of biserial correlations in the presence of guessing is demonstrated by Monte Carlo studies, and another estimator is described that is free of such bias. The usual biserial-correlation assumptions and assumptions about guessing are discussed. Brogden's coefficient of selective efficiency and the triserial correlation are…

A Monte Carlo technique was used to investigate the effect of the differences in covariate means among treatment groups on the significance level and the power of the F-test of the analysis of covariance. (Author/GDC)

The importance of measuring the size of an effect for fixed effects factorial analysis of variance designs is emphasized. Technical issues in such measurement are considered and examples are provided. (Author/JKS)

This article describes the organization and results of the 1990 New Zealand Children's Census. This census, which preceded a National Census, provided a powerful tool for raising statistical awareness nationwide. (Author)

An Edgeworth approximation for accurate significance probabilities for the Wilcoxon two-sample test is substantially simplified. A method is developed that allows quick calculations of very accurate probabilities. Exact formulas are given for most of the remaining cases, and tables are presented comparing the new simplification to likely…

One source of bias, regression artifacts, in program evaluations that use regression discontinuity design is identified, and its importance is discussed. A method is suggested for its correction. Although use of this method does not solve the problem of selection bias, it does improve the reliability of nonexperimental methods. (SLD)

The performance was studied of five small-sample statistics--by F. M. Lord, W. Kristof, Q. McNemar, R. A. Forsyth and L. S. Feldt, and J. P. Braden--that test whether two variables measure the same trait except for measurement error. Effects of non-normality were investigated. The McNemar statistic was most powerful. (TJH)

Large sample chi-square tests of the significance of the difference between two correlated kappas, weighted or unweighted, are derived. Cases are presented with one judge in common between the two kappas and no judge in common. An illustrative calculation is included. (Author/SLD)

Because it is sensitive to variability and permits partitioning of a distribution into the tails and center, the Hedges and Friedman Index can be used to investigate gender differences in each partition. It should yield greater insight into the nature of between-gender differences, as its application to Feingold's 1992 data illustrates. (SLD)

Three criticisms of conventional uses of structural significance testing are elaborated; and alternatives for augmenting statistical significance tests are reviewed, which include emphasizing effect size, evaluating statistical significance in a sample size context, and evaluating result replicability. Among ways of estimating result…

The use of three aspects of recommended practice (language use, replicability analyses, and reporting effect sizes) was studied in quantitative reports in "The Journal of Experimental Education" (JXE) for the academic years 1994-95 and 1995-96. Examples of both errors and desirable practices in the use and reporting of statistical…