After reviewing the multiple fit indices in structural equation models, evidence on their behavior is presented through simulation studies in which sample size, estimation method, and model misspecification varied. Two sampling studies, with and without known populations, are presented, and implications for the use of fit indices are discussed.…

The potential for bias in reliability estimation and for errors in item selection when alpha or unit-weighted omega coefficients are used is explored under simulated conditions. Results suggest that composite reliability may be an assessment tool but should not be an item selection tool in structural equations. (SLD)

Notes that conventional statistical models are not suited for analysis of nonindependent observations produced by family systems. Demonstrates how structural equation modeling enables the study of family processes in a way that is consistent with a systems perspective. Uses analysis of perceived coerciveness in two-parent, two-child families to…

A general structural modeling approach to correlates and predictors of change in multiwave design is discussed. It allows estimation of theoretically and empirically relevant interrelationship indexes between growth and decline in longitudinally assessed psychological constructs and additional variables. Data from a study of aged adults illustrate…

Criteria for factor identification in factor analysis according to J. Algina (1980) are summarized, and a procedure is presented to determine rotationally underidentified factors by adding restrictors and to carry out the rotation for old and new restrictions and in latent path analysis. Two illustrations are presented. (SLD)

A historicodevelopmental model of acquisition order of words was applied to 175 words comprising the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test--Revised. A structural equation model demonstrates that the combination of date of entry into English, word length, polysemy, and frequency of use account for a substantial proportion of variance of acquisition…

Considers models incorporating principal components from the perspectives of structural-equation modeling. These models include the following: (1) the principal-component analysis of patterned matrices; (2) multiple analysis of variance based on principal components; and (3) multigroup principal-components analysis. Discusses fitting these models…

Examines the relationship between Cronbach's coefficient alpha and the reliability of a composite of a prespecified set of interrelated nonhomogeneous components through simulation. Shows that alpha can over- or underestimate scale reliability at the population level. Illustrates the bias in terms of structural parameters. (SLD)

Argues that H. W. Marsh and K.-T. Hau (1996) misunderstood parsimony and its role in testing a hypothesis about an incompletely specified model to establish its objective validity. More parsimonious models represent more complete hypotheses having more ways of being tested and confirmed. Marsh and Hau could also have used more parsimonious…

Reviews a single indicator approach and multiple indicator approaches that simplify testing interaction effects using structural equation modeling. An illustrative application examines the interactive effect of perceptions of competence and perceptions of autonomy on exercise-intrinsic motivation. (SLD)

Presents a new approach that extends conventional random coefficient growth models to incorporate a categorical latent trajectory variable representing latent classes or mixtures. Provides a didactic example of this new methodology using adolescent alcohol use data and discusses the method as a tool for mapping hypotheses of development onto…

Proposes the use of nonnested tests for the two stage least squares (2SLS) estimator of latent variable models to discriminate between scales. Compares the finite sample performance of these tests to structural equation modeling information-based criteria. Presents practical recommendations based on the Monte Carlo analysis. (SLD)

Uses a confirmatory factor analytic (CFA) model as a paradigmatic basis for the comparison of three widely used structural equation modeling computer programs: (1) AMOS 4.0; (2) EQS 6; and (3) LISREL 8. Comparisons focus on aspects of programs that bear on the specification and testing of CFA models and the treatment of incomplete, nonnormally…

In separate studies, 121 high school students and 127 adults completed the Career Decision-Making Difficulties Questionnaire. Its multidimensional structure was confirmed and the model of career decision making fit both groups. The adults reported fewer difficulties on all subscales. (Contains 60 references.) (SK)

Provides an introduction to latent growth modeling (LGM), a branch of structural equation modeling that facilitates the evaluation of longitudinal change. Fundamental concepts related to growth modeling and notation are introduced; and variations, extensions, and applications of the technique are discussed. Touts LGM's versatility when considering…