The purpose of the study is to identify the Sense of responsibility of science teachers towards the learning of their students from the perspective of the teachers themselves; the study has included three domains (cognitive, skillful, and emotional); and to demonstrate the differences in the level of responsibility among science teachers based on…

Active learning (AL) techniques invite students to participate actively, either physically or mentally, in the learning process so that they can change their behavior efficiently to achieve great achievement. Still, there is insufficient knowledge concerning the dimensions of AL techniques for business subjects of secondary school students in…

Automated assessment using Natural Language Processing (NLP) has the potential to make English speaking assessments more reliable, authentic, and accessible. Yet without careful examination, NLP may exacerbate social prejudices based on gender or native language (L1). Current NLP-based assessments are prone to such biases, yet research and…

This research aimed to develop a valid and reliable test to be used to detect sixth grade students' misconceptions and errors regarding the subject of fractions. A misconception diagnostic test has been developed that includes the concept of fractions, different representations of fractions, ordering and comparing fractions, equivalence of…

Large-scale standardized tests are regularly used to measure student achievement overall and for student subgroups. These uses assume tests provide comparable measures of outcomes across student subgroups, but prior research suggests score comparisons across gender groups may be complicated by the type of test items used. This paper presents…

Reliability is usually estimated for a total score, but it can also be estimated for item scores. Item-score reliability can be useful to assess the repeatability of an individual item score in a group. Three methods to estimate item-score reliability are discussed, known as method MS, method [lambda][subscript 6], and method CA. The item-score…

The "extended Rasch modeling" (eRm) package in R provides users with a comprehensive set of tools for Rasch modeling for scale evaluation and general modeling. We provide a brief introduction to Rasch modeling followed by a review of literature that utilizes the eRm package. Then, the key features of the eRm package for scale evaluation…

In this study logistic regression and Lord's Chi Square methods were used to research the items that have DIF. The study utilized Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT). The original form of the PPVT includes four options. Three different forms (A, B and C) were formed by removing one of the distractors respectively. The original form of PPVT was…

In dichotomous item response theory (IRT) framework, the asymptotic standard error (ASE) is the most common statistic to evaluate the precision of various ability estimators. Easy-to-use ASE formulas are readily available; however, the accuracy of some of these formulas was recently questioned and new ASE formulas were derived from a general…

Given the significant global influence of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Teaching, Learning, and Assessment (CEFR) on English language education, this study deals with aligning a university's academic reading tests to the CEFR. It aimed at validating the test construct of the academic reading tests in relation to the…

Classical approach to test theory has been the foundation for educational and psychological measurement for over 90 years. This approach concerns with measurement error and hence test reliability, which in part relies on individual test items. The CTT package, developed in light of this, provides functions for test- and item-level analyses of…

This paper examines the effect of COVID-19 on learning loss and learning inequality in South Africa using 2016 and 2021 Grade 4 PIRLS datasets. On average, South African Grade 4 reading achievement declined by 31 PIRLS points from 320 in 2016 to 288 in 2021, equivalent to a decline of 0.29 standard deviations or 50-60% of a year of learning. The…

In data collected from virtual learning environments (VLEs), item response theory (IRT) models can be used to guide the ongoing measurement of student ability. However, such applications of IRT rely on unbiased item parameter estimates associated with test items in the VLE. Without formal piloting of the items, one can expect a large amount of…

Elicited Imitation Tests (EITs) are commonly used in second language acquisition (SLA)/bilingualism research contexts to assess the general oral proficiency of study participants. While previous studies have provided valuable EIT construct-related validity evidence, some key gaps remain. This study uses an integrative data analysis to further…

This paper presents the findings of a study that intended to seek the content validity (CV) evidence of an instrument to measure the reading ability of university students in Sri Lanka. The reading passages and items were adapted from CEFR aligned Learning Resource Network (LRN) materials. The items were designed based on the cognitive processing…