The problem of the increasing crime rate in the United States and the social problems causing and resulting from this increase as well as the correct way to treat criminals are discussed. The point is made that the cost of vocational training for inmates is far below the cost of imprisoning chronic offenders. In this report, the vocational…

Whereas female elementary principals represent only about 31 percent of the elementary principals in the nation, female teachers represent 88 percent of all elementary school teachers. This document reviews the literature on male-female differences in the leadership and management roles of the elementary principalship. (Author/MLF)

Initiating an individualized approach to instruction must begin with an assessment of the needs and goals of the teachers. To provide this analysis, a diagnostic system was built, consisting of an inventory of teaching and learning needs and of procedures for implementing a learning plan based on this inventory. A one hundred and four item…

This essay compares Germany's persistent financial disequilibrium with the balance of payments situation in the United States. Delivered at a Symposium on German Economic Growth and Stability, the author concentrates on Germany's balance of payments surplus and presents U.S. figures mainly as a point of comparison. The material on Germany has been…

Traces the problems teachers solve as they learn to teach writing and reading from the same philosophical perspective. Finds that as the emphasis in their classrooms shifted more to the process, the teachers changed their roles. (FL)

Fifteen studies comparing various educational outcomes of problem-based, community-oriented medical curricula with those of conventional programs are reviewed. The problems inherent in comparative research at the curriculum level are discussed. (MSE)

Argues that cookbook chemistry laboratory experiments do little to teach scientific inquiry. Suggests providing students with laboratory experiences that follow the introduction of a concept and challenge students to investigate that concept through an experiment involving very few initial instructions. Lists some such challenges used in chemistry…

Discussion of the use of computers and appropriate software for teaching learning disabled individuals focuses on improving problem solving, reading, writing, and speaking skills. Highlights include evaluation guidelines, teaching strategies, and reviews of 10 programs that have been used successfully with different age groups with a variety of…

Promotes the use of machine-scored tests in basic engineering science classes. Discusses some principles and practices of machine-scored testing. Provides several example test items. Argues that such tests can be used to enhance basic understanding of concepts and problem solving skills. (TW)

Describes the novice-to-expert model of human learning and compares it to the recent advances in the areas of artificial intelligence and expert systems. Discusses some of the characteristics of experts, proposing connections between them with expert systems and theories of left-right brain functions. (TW)

Argues that the use of computer technologies in secondary schools should change the nature of mathematics education. Urges the rethinking of the uses of traditional paper-and-pencil computations. Suggests some computer applications for elementary algebra and for problem solving in arithmetic and calculus. (TW)

Reports on the progress of a project designed to establish both a research agenda for mathematics education and a conceptual framework for such an undertaking. Describes four conferences which have been organized to consider teaching problem solving, effective teaching, teaching and learning algebra, and middle school number concepts. (TW)

Discusses the use of artificial intelligence to improve occupational instruction in complex subjects with high performance goals, such as those required for high-technology jobs. Highlights include intelligent computer assisted instruction, examples in space technology training, intelligent simulation environments, and the need for adult training…

Decribes a study which compared computer assisted instruction (CAI) with a parallel paper-and-pencil module to assess the impact on students' achievement and attitudes in chemistry. Supports the contention that CAI works as well or better than more traditional methods and tends to promote positive attitudes. (RT)

Describes and evaluates two projects designed to update elementary and middle school mathematics programs: (1) the revision of elementary school's mathematics and computer literacy curriculum; and (2) an inservice program to train middle school teachers how to incorporate computers, calculators, and manipulatives into the classroom. (CLB)