The present study was designed to determine if subjects of different ages are equally distracted by meaningless perceptual and by semantic features of potentially interfering information. In contrast to a Stroop-like task, figures instead of words were used as possibly interfering information. First graders, fourth graders, and college students…

A DEVELOPMENTAL STUDY OF PERCEPTION AND ITS RELATIONSHIPS TO READING AS MEASURED BY THE CALIFORNIA READING TEST, THE GATES- MCKILLOP DIAGNOSTIC READING TEST, A WORD REVERSAL TEST, AND A REVERSED WORDS IN CONTEXT TEST IS REPORTED. THE PERCEPTUAL TASK OF MATCH ADJUSTMENT WAS USED AS THE SPATIAL ORIENTATION MEASURE AND FOR BOTH SHAPE AND SIZE…

THE VARIOUS PROCESSES AND CONTROLS INVOLVED IN THE VARIATION OF EYE MOVEMENTS ACCORDING TO READING MATERIAL ARE DISCUSSED. RELEVANT RESEARCH LITERATURE IS CITED, AND AREAS REQUIRING ADDITIONAL RESEARCH ARE OUTLINED. LANGUAGE TEXT CONTROL AND THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AS POSSIBLE LOCI OF CONTROL FOR EYE MOVEMENTS ARE EXPLORED. EVIDENCE SUPPORTING…

A LONGITUDINAL STUDY WAS PERFORMED WHICH FOLLOWED THREE GROUPS OF CHILDREN (CULTURALLY DISADVANTAGED, AVERAGE, AND CULTURALLY ADVANTAGED) THROUGH GRADE THREE IN AN ATTEMPT TO DETERMINE THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CERTAIN PERCEPTUAL FACTORS ON SUCCESS OR FAILURE IN BEGINNING READING. INSTRUMENTS USED WERE SELECTED TO IDENTIFY…

This study examines the effect of an entering behavior, i.e., the level of general knowledge of the subject matter, on the instructional effectiveness of illustrations which integrate abstract and realistic visualization. Subjects were 414 public school students who were divided into three groups according to their general level of knowledge of…

A discrete color naming paradigm was used in two experiments examining activation along orthographic and phonological dimensions in visual and auditory word recognition. Subjects were 80 college students who were presented with a prime word, either auditorally or visually, followed 200 milliseconds later by a target word printed in a color. The…

This study investigates the relationship of teaching strategies emphisizing visual problem solving through the medium of photography to increased visual perceptual levels in second and third grade students. Twenty-five subjects from three classroom groups were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups labeled Perceptual Principles Group…

The ability of 5-month-old infants to recognize two-dimensional (pictorial) representations of three-dimensional objects was investigated. Subjects were 24 5-month-old infants. The novelty preference technique was employed: all infants were familiarized with a three-dimensional object--a doll. Following familiarization, three novelty tests were…

An affective method is identified for increasing the sensitivity of paraprofessional psychiatric helpers to vocal (paralinguistic) expressions of the affect "sadness." Fifty-two male and female psychiatric hospital employees served as subjects and were divided into four groups, each of which was given identical pre- and post-testing. Group 2…

THE PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT WAS TO IDENTIFY KINDERGARTEN PUPILS WHO, WHEN COMPARED WITH OTHER CHILDREN OF THE SAME AGE AND SEX, EVIDENCED PROBLEMS IN THE AREA OF VISUAL PERCEPTION. TESTS USED TO MEASURE SUCH DEFICIENCIES WERE THE BENDER TEST AND THE FROSTIG TEST OF VISUAL PERCEPTION, SUB-TEST I AND III. MATCHED PAIRS WERE SELECTED FROM THE TOTAL…

THE EFFECT OF INCIDENTAL VISUAL STIMULI ON THE EFFICIENCY OF LEARNING FACTUAL MATERIAL BY FRESHMAN COLLEGE STUDENTS WAS INVESTIGATED. THE INVESTIGATORS DETERMINED WHETHER THE PROVISION OF INCIDENTAL STIMULI, WHEN USED TO FACILITATE LEARNING, RESULTED IN IMPROVED TEST PERFORMANCE. BRIEF, HIGH INTENSITY STIMULI, SEX DIFFERENCE, COLOR OF FOCAL…

An attempt to operationally define depressive retardation in 72 inpatients aged 4-16 used two percept-genetic tests. In a serial visual afterimage (AI) test retardation was defined as a successive reduction of AI size, and in a serial tachistoscopic presentation using the meta-contrast technique (MCT) it was seen as stereotyped repetitions of…

This paper reports on three studies concerned with aspects of human visual information processing. Study I was an effort to measure the duration of iconic storage using a partial report method in children ranging in age from 6 to 13 years. Study II was designed to detect age related changes in the rate of processing (perceptually encoding) letters…

An experiment was performed to show that infants perceive auditory and visual stimuli within a common space and that they perceive the sound as an attribute of the visual object. Subjects were 22 infants aged 3 to 5 months. Each infant was presented with a toy that moved in a small arc from side to side of a small window at the rate of one arc per…

Saccadic (small, rapid, and apparently involuntary) eye movements of 14 children (7- to 12-years-old) with reading difficulties and of 14 normal readers were compared before and after the problem readers underwent a 7-month individual tutoring program. At pretesting the problem readers showed a rate of eye movements that was markedly lower than…