To explore the effects of depression and learned helplessness on cognitive task deficits, 66 community-residing elderly adults were categorized as depressed or nondepressed based on Beck Depression Inventory scores. After a pre-test battery measuring short-term memory and components of crystallized/fluid intelligence, the subjects responded to a…

Research has suggested that memory performance may be related to the extent of stimulus processing during acquisition. To examine processing efficiency and processing deficiency differences between younger and older adults, four studies were conducted. In the first study, young and old adults rated word lists, manipulated for generation specific…

Progress is now being made toward ascertaining the specific effects of rearing conditions on brain and behavior, the properties of the environment that contribute to these effects, and the developmental periods in which brain tissue is most sensitive to environmental modification. (Author/RH)

Two experiments were conducted using the procedure reported by Wickens in 1972 for the study of relevant encoding dimensions in short-term memory. (Editor)

The present experiment was an attempt to determine whether, under different testing procedures and with different stimulus materials, an effect of poststimulus study time on picture recognition could be demonstrated. (Author)

Two memory theories predict that it should be possible to produce negative recency in initial recall. The first experiment provides a demonstration of that predicted negative recency effect. (Editor)

The present study was an attempt to clarify the conditions under which integrated recognition memory and specific recognition memory are found. To do this, the ability of students to remember semantically related and unrelated sentences was examined. (Author/RK)

Preschool children were tested for their understanding of the use of definite and indefinite articles in 2 kinds of story-telling tasks. (ST)

The "transitive-chain" theory of syllogistic reasoning proposes that information about set relations is presented in memory by pairs of informational components and that information about set relations is integrated by applying a small set of rules to transitive chains that are found by rearranging informational components stored in…

Sixty four college students participated in a study which sought to validate a set of predictions about story memory, derived from a story-grammar approach to comprehension. The grammar describes the higher-order structures regulating the organization and retrieval of incoming story information. These structures, defined by a basic set of rewrite…

Describes two systems used in identifying the content structures of a number of passages of approximately 600 words, and discusses the implications of the research for developing future instructional materials. (RB)

Results are reported which show that the facilitating effect of recall on recognition is quite substantial. (AM)

The development of the ability to use taxonomic, phonemic and sense impression categories as dimensions of encoding was investigated using third and fifth graders and college students. (ED)

Examined the presence or absence of class inclusion and hierarchical classification skills in relation to organizational memory strategies in kindergarten and first grade children. (ED)