Processes contributing to matching-to-sample deficits were investigated with 22 moderately and severely mentally retarded adolescents. Although nonretarded subjects performed better on immediate and delayed retention tests, there was no difference in rate of forgetting, and rehearsal improved delayed test performance equally for both groups.…

Examined eight-month-olds' ability to remember the location of a hidden object, using a nonsearch task. Results suggested that the infants remembered the object's location, and were surprised when it had been moved. (SKC)

Elaboration in learning involves meaning-enhancing additions, constructions, or generations that improve one's memory for what is being learned. Recent examples of applications of elaboration theory include efforts in the areas of meta-cognitive components of learning strategies, mnemonics, and text-processing strategies. (TJH)

Results indicate specific and positive effects of Quranic schooling on serial memory but not on other memory or cognitive tasks. These findings replicate earlier reports that Quranic schooling affects specific (and not general) memory skills. (PCB)

The goal of this study was to determine some of the factors that contribute to developmental differences children and adults display when they use cues to retrieve specific memories. (PCB)

Results suggest that when memory strategies are used by young children, the mental effort expended on implementing the mnemonic reduces the amount of mental capacity available for other activities, resulting in only modest gains in memory performance. (PCB)

Assessed the ability of young (N=30) and middle-aged adults (N=34) to solve series problems with problems connected by either marked or unmarked adjectives. Results showed no difference between age groups on the memory measure, but scores on both integration and inference measures were significantly lower for the middle-aged group. (Author/ABL)

Describes conversational joint remembering in terms of three hierarchically related functions--framing and orientation, correspondence functions, and validation function. Highlights the importance of studying remembering as a social activity governed by the setting in which it occurs. (JD)

Use of logographic symbol systems with severely communication-disordered children led to a comparison of the relative ease of learning logographs from the Bliss and Rebus symbol systems with 32 normal preschoolers. Results indicated that Rebus symbols were recalled with significantly greater accuracy than Bliss symbols. (Author/DB)

Emphasizing use of the mnemonic aid as a tool toward the large educational objective, this article discusses the memory problems of learning disabled students, suggests appropriate selection and use of musical mnemonics, and encourages development of original mnemonics (e.g., using rhythmic speech or writing new lyrics to popular tunes). (JC)

Memory automaticity for spatial location was evaluated with 14 mildly retarded adults and 14 nonretarded adults under two instructional conditions: intentional or incidental. Intention to encode spatial location had no effect on recall for either group and retarded and nonretarded subjects did not differ in recall of spatial location. (Author/DB)

Children's ability to recall information and draw inferences from orally presented narratives was examined in sixteen nine- to ten-year-old language/learning (LLD) disabled children and two groups of normally developing children. The LLD children did not differ significantly from the younger aged control group. (Author/DB)

When six-month-old infants are preexposed to one stimulus, they are later able to remember that stimulus and distinguish it from a previously unseen, novel stimulus; degree of experience with one stimulus and the magnitude of novelty effect positively covary. Neurological substrates of infants' memory skills are described. (RH)

Examined effects of enforced organizational strategies on the memory of older adults for textual material. Young and old adults sorted scrambled sentences of a prose passage into the correct order. When older adults were required to make an in-depth analysis to sort material, their incidental memory for textual information was approximately equal…

Presents results of confirmatory factor analysis of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for children which is based on the underlying theoretical model of sequential, simultaneous, and achievement factors. Found support for the two-factor, simultaneous and sequential processing model. (MCF)