Engagement and willingness to communicate (WTC) are crucial elements for second language (L2) learning. However, little is written about whether L2 learners demonstrate heterogeneous patterns of engagement and WTC in the classroom. This study aims to identify intraindividual differences in these two constructs and examine the roles of eight…

Originally designed for first language classrooms, literature circles have been adapted for second language (L2) contexts to enhance reading proficiency and discourse skills. While traditional practice in L2 settings involves assigning roles to students for engaging with texts, critiques have highlighted potential constraints on participation and…

Learning multiword expressions (MWEs) typically involves exposure to language input, such as through reading and listening. However, this way of learning can be rather slow. Therefore, finding strategies to enhance learning from input is crucial for language acquisition. In this study, 80 Iranian learners of English as a foreign language read…

In assessment contexts, the domain definition inference requires accurate documentation of linguistic demands in a specific target domain for precise measurement. The present study examines several aspects of repetitions in academic lecture settings to offer the domain definition inference for academic listening tests. To do this, I analyzed the…

English language learner (ELL) students in K-12 schools in the United States need to develop both English language skills and content-area subject knowledge using English as the medium of instruction. As such, teacher education programs that specialize in K-12 ELL teaching are tasked with preparing teacher candidates to integrate language teaching…

Acquiring and retaining vocabulary is a cornerstone of mastering a new language, and digital tools are playing an increasingly significant role in this process. This study investigated the role of Quizlet, a digital flashcard application, as a self-regulated learning (SRL) tool in enhancing vocabulary acquisition among upper-intermediate English…

This article explores church language cafés (CLCs) in Sweden and their significance as non-formal language learning venues for migrants. Using an ethnographically inspired case study, this article employs metaphors to bring together place and space, capturing the functions and meanings of CLCs for migrants. Challenging the often-limiting…

Introduction: Social media has become an effective instrument to enhance adolescents' knowledge-gaining experiences, even in language acquisition. The mechanisms of interactive feedback in such sites can affect motivation and engagement, especially if looked at through the lens of Self-Determination Theory, which highlights the role of competence,…

The last two decades have witnessed a growing interest among scholars in exploring the conceptualization, operationalization, and measurement of second language (L2) task engagement in diverse educational settings. However, the concept is still not clearly defined and remains complex. Clarifying this complexity is crucial for developing a valid…

Language teacher candidates should be competent both in language use and teaching to be able to guide their future students to learn the foreign language. ELT students are expected to be aware of the necessity for materials use in their classes and make their lesson plans including using their own materials. To find and design an appropriate…

The current study investigated the impact of AI-mediated interaction on L2 learners' oral speaking ability, summarizing ability, and perceptions. Participants were EFL university students from South Korea who were randomly assigned to one of three groups: aiSPEAK, aiSUM, and control. The two experimental groups, aiSPEAK and aiSUM, engaged in…

English Medium Instruction (EMI) is widely used as a method of simultaneously delivering discipline-specific content and instruction in English as a Foreign Language. Meanwhile, among factors related to learner affect, learner motivation is known to be a key predictor of success in the classroom. A systematised review was conducted to gain an…

Researchers often make claims regarding the importance of predictor variables in multiple regression analysis by comparing standardized regression coefficients (standardized beta coefficients). This practice has been criticized as a misuse of multiple regression analysis. As a remedy, I highlight the use of dominance analysis and random forests, a…

The present article aims to estimate the value of language learning through a quick review of the learning process and with a focus on "accumulated knowledge" and "the ability to learn." Following the opinions of researchers and linguists, we can also argue that the whole history of human culture--"of intelligence and…

Learning-oriented assessment has been called a practice that can be employed to increase the power of assessment practices in the classroom and one that has been said to promote efficient student learning. However, it is not always easy to employ learning-oriented assessment in English classes, because of a number of constraints. This study aimed…