The last two decades have witnessed a growing interest among scholars in exploring the conceptualization, operationalization, and measurement of second language (L2) task engagement in diverse educational settings. However, the concept is still not clearly defined and remains complex. Clarifying this complexity is crucial for developing a valid…

Language teacher candidates should be competent both in language use and teaching to be able to guide their future students to learn the foreign language. ELT students are expected to be aware of the necessity for materials use in their classes and make their lesson plans including using their own materials. To find and design an appropriate…

The current study investigated the impact of AI-mediated interaction on L2 learners' oral speaking ability, summarizing ability, and perceptions. Participants were EFL university students from South Korea who were randomly assigned to one of three groups: aiSPEAK, aiSUM, and control. The two experimental groups, aiSPEAK and aiSUM, engaged in…

English Medium Instruction (EMI) is widely used as a method of simultaneously delivering discipline-specific content and instruction in English as a Foreign Language. Meanwhile, among factors related to learner affect, learner motivation is known to be a key predictor of success in the classroom. A systematised review was conducted to gain an…

Collocation-focused exercises in language courses often require students to choose the right words from a given set of candidates to reassemble broken-up collocations. Other exercises invite the students themselves to supply the missing words to complete collocations. One would expect exercises to serve the purpose of retrieval practice after…

Language learning is inherently social and emotional, yet the affective experiences of English learners (ELs) are often overlooked in schools and educational discourse. This is particularly concerning for the millions of ELs entering our schools annually. Soyoung Lee highlights the importance of foreign language anxiety (FLA), a key emotional…

Machine translation tools have gained increasing popularity among translation learners, transforming their translation learning behaviors. However, it is unclear how learners' continuance intention to use these tools is affected yet. Based on the task-technology fit (TTF) model and the value-based adoption model (VAM), the present study examined…

This study investigates how the presence and proper use of causal and concessive connectives affect the comprehension and production of English discourse among Chinese English learners. Seventy-two English major undergraduates with similar language proficiency levels read four narrative texts featuring varying connective conditions (correct use,…

In the field of second and foreign language (L2) anxiety studies, which are predominantly group-based, the role of individual-level inner workings of L2 anxiety has been neglected. Emerging evidence in L2 learning underscores that while aggregating data from a large number of learners reveals general trends, this approach often overlooks the…

Researchers often make claims regarding the importance of predictor variables in multiple regression analysis by comparing standardized regression coefficients (standardized beta coefficients). This practice has been criticized as a misuse of multiple regression analysis. As a remedy, I highlight the use of dominance analysis and random forests, a…

The present article aims to estimate the value of language learning through a quick review of the learning process and with a focus on "accumulated knowledge" and "the ability to learn." Following the opinions of researchers and linguists, we can also argue that the whole history of human culture--"of intelligence and…

Learning-oriented assessment has been called a practice that can be employed to increase the power of assessment practices in the classroom and one that has been said to promote efficient student learning. However, it is not always easy to employ learning-oriented assessment in English classes, because of a number of constraints. This study aimed…

This qualitative phenomenological study investigates international instructors' perspectives and experiences in designing a successful language-based massive open online course (L-MOOC). Detailed information was gathered during Summer 2018 about the instructor's challenges and strategies through semi-structured interviews with seven participants…

Identifying changing patterns of stability and variability is crucial when examining second language development (SLD) from a complex dynamic systems theory (CDST) perspective (Larsen-Freeman, 2020). By studying attractor states, or recurrent patterns of stability, light can be shed on the underlying dynamics of a complex dynamic system (van Geert…

Although there is consensus that second language grammar instruction is needed, some controversial issues remain. Whatever instructional options are selected, it is vital that they allow the development of not only explicit knowledge but also implicit or at least automatized knowledge that can be used in real-time interaction. Since this aim is…