THE RESEARCH DESCRIBED HERE IS BEING CARRIED OUT BY THE URBAN LANGUAGE STUDY OF THE CENTER FOR APPLIED LINGUISTICS. THE PRINCIPLE TASK OF THE PROJECT IS TO STUDY THE SPEECH OF NEGRO CHILDREN IN A LOW SOCIO-ECONOMIC AREA IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. SPECIAL MATERIALS FOR TEACHING STANDARD ENGLISH TO SPEAKERS OF NONSTANDARD NEGRO DIALECTS ARE BEING…

LANGUAGES SHOW CHARACTERISTIC DIFFERENCES IN THE WAY IN WHICH THEY ORGANIZE OBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE AND THESE DIFFERENCES ARE REFLECTED IN THE FORMAL AND SEMANTIC PATTERNING OF EACH LANGUAGE. A CONTRASTIVE APPROACH TO LANGUAGE LEARNING WHICH PAYS PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO POINTS OF FORMAL AND FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ELEMENTS OF THE NATIVE…

THE RESEARCH OUTLINED HERE IS CONCERNED WITH A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PHONOLOGIES OF AMERICAN ENGLISH AND MODERN LITERARY ARABIC FROM A PEDAGOGICAL VIEWPOINT. THE MAJOR GOALS OF THIS STUDY ARE--(1) TO DETERMINE THE SPECIFIC AREAS OF DIFFICULTY ENCOUNTERED BY AMERICAN STUDENTS IN PRONOUNCING AND READING ARABIC, AND (2) TO STUDY THE STRUCTURE…

A STUDY WAS MADE TO CONFIRM CERTAIN OBSERVATIONS ABOUT SPANISH INTONATION PATTERNS, ESPECIALLY THOSE THAT PRESENT A STRIKING CONTRAST WITH ENGLISH INTONATION PATTERNS. TWENTY-FIVE SPANISH SENTENCES ILLUSTRATING PARTICULAR INTONATION PATTERNS WERE PREPARED, AND 25 STUDENTS, WHO HAD HAD AN AVERAGE OF FOUR SEMESTERS IN SPANISH, RECORDED THEM. THE…

THIS VOLUME OF THE LANGUAGE HANDBOOK SERIES IS INTENDED TO SERVE AS AN OUTLINE OF THE SALIENT FEATURES OF THE BENGALI LANGUAGE SPOKEN BY OVER 80 MILLION PEOPLE IN EAST PAKISTAN AND INDIA. IT WAS WRITTEN WITH SEVERAL READERS IN MIND--(1) A LINGUIST INTERESTED IN BENGALI BUT NOT HIMSELF A SPECIALIST IN THE LANGUAGE, (2) AN INTERMEDIATE OR ADVANCED…

IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PROGRAM FOR MECHANIZING TRANSLATION, SOME PROBLEMS WOULD REMAIN EVEN WHEN THE MORPHEMES AND GRAMMATICAL PROCESSES INVOLVED ARE REASONABLY EQUIVALENT IN THE TWO LANGUAGES. EQUIVALENT GRAMMATICAL RELATION HAS TO BE DEFINED BECAUSE IMPORTANT STRUCTURAL SIMILARITIES AMONG SENTENCES ARE FOUND MORE OFTEN IN THEIR DEEP STRUCTURE…

Different languages code messages in different ways and use different channels for sending messages; thus there are many places for misinterpreting and mishearing messages in an intercultural context. To move from one language to another requires a description of the total language communication system, one that has its universals in social and…

Two examples of linguistic blindness (the inability of the native teacher/speaker to assess objectively certain features of the language) in the Hindi language are chosen for discussion. Problems in the accurate description of nominal and pronominal declension are dealt with. A study of post-positions is also included, since the declension system…

This volume contains six articles. In "Integrational Linguistics as a Basis for Contrastive Studies," Hans-Heinrich Lieb discusses the problems associated with complex contrastive analysis. Hanne Martinet's "A Functional and Contrastive Analysis of Attributive Adjectives Endings in '-ant' and in '-ende' in French and Danish,…

This study applies the spectrographic techniques to the analysis of the 11 vowels in the Hanoi dialect of Vietnamese. The analysis involves 5,500 spectrograms made of 869 common words containing these vowels, which are identified and described in terms of their Formant 1 and Formant 2 frequencies. Chapter 1 discusses the dialectal features of the…

Lake Forest High School in Lake Forest, Illinois, has developed a program for introducing Portuguese in the secondary school. The program is now in its sixth successive, successful year. Instead of being included in the curriculum as a full-time course, Portuguese falls in the category of an "enrichment course." It is abbreviated (the first year…

Substitutes in English (such as "he,""she,""it,""one,""do so,""thus,""there," and "such") participate in an intricate network of systems. This study aims to identify those English substitutes which are words or word sequences and to describe their workings in some of…

In this paper the bitransitive clause is defined in terms of its nuclear tagmemes: subject, predicate, direct object, and indirect object. A semantic characterization is given of the prototype bitransitive clause with a correlation of situational roles and grammatical functions. The nine different dominant orders in bitransitive clauses which were…

The first volume in this series on Serbo-Croatian-English contrastive analysis contains four articles. They are: "Contrasting via Translation: Formal Correspondence vs. Translation Equivalence," by Vladimir Ivir; "Approach to Contrastive Analysis," by Leonardo Spalatin; and "The Choice of the Corpus for the Contrastive Analysis of Serbo-Croatian…

Children's productions of words with stop-liquid clusters in the adult model are compared across six languages. Although the children learning these languages need not follow the same course of learning, processes operative on adult clusters are shown to be very similar. The children's productions all progressed through the same three major…