In most languages encountered by linguists, the numerals, considered as a paradigmatic set, constitute a morpho-syntactic problem of only moderate complexity. The Indo-Aryan language family of North India, however, presents a curious contrast. The relatively regular numeral system of Sanskrit, as it has developed historically into the modern…

The measurement of interlingual distance (how far removed one language is from another) is both possible and feasible; and it can be computed in different ways. The difference between the codes of the two languages can be measured by one technique and the differences in samples of discourse by another. The samples may be measured as static…

Reviews several publications dealing with comparison of Italian and German, with a view to ascertaining how useful their material might be in constructing an Italian textbook for Germans. The material is found to be too theoretical, or too limited to the standpoint of German as a foreign language. More error analysis is needed. (IFS/WGA)

The grammatical deviations produced by 26 migrant children were categorized into tenses (formation and usage), pronoun usage, subject-verb agreement, possessive adjectives, negation, number concord in antecedents, irregular morpheme construction, irregular syntactic constructions, modification of nouns, preposition substitution, word omission in…

Discusses the teaching of Afrikaans and English to speakers of Xhosa, with semantics as the point of focus. The purpose is to aid the teaching of Afrikaans and English by introducing componential analysis in order to compare the relative/identical aspects of semantic structuralization in these languages with those in Xhosa. (Author/RM)

Examines the two-finger extension as a hand shape in sign language by analyzing data on 10 different sign languages. The analysis shows that a theory of marking can be developed for sign languages along the same lines as those used for spoken languages--only the particular physiology is different. (SED)

Examines some of the sounds that occur in English but not in Persian, and discusses ways to help Iranian students learn to pronounce these sounds correctly. (EKN)

Every spoken linguistic system shared by a community has structurally related regional variants. For example, the variant of the present day French for "soixante-dix" is "septante" in eastern France, Belgium, and the French-speaking community of Switzerland. This suggests that Proto-Romance has regionalisms. Using the…

This article uses linguistic tools to analyze the social dimension of representations. The dynamics of social representations are viewed as the result of two processes: preconstruction and co-construction. More precisely, the notions of "social availability" and "reference-O" are developed and applied in a conversational…

Research supported by a National Science Foundation grant to the Phonology Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley. (RS)

First part of a continued article. (SK)

Expanded version of a paper read at the Pacific Conference on Contrastive Linguistics and Language Universals, Honolulu, Hawaii, January 15, 1971. (DD)

First part of an article comparing Polish, Czech, German, and Russian pronoun and noun declinations. (DS)

Revised and expanded version of a paper presented at the Pacific Conference on Contrastive Linguistics and Language Universals held at the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, in January 1971. (DS)