Arabic loanwords in English and Spanish are discussed in separate sections, and the two situations are compared and contrasted. In the first section, Arabic loanwords in English are listed, and their history of incorporation and related research are reviewed. Of these, 27 are defined and discussed in greater detail. The second section addresses…

Analysis of Chinese passive constructions indicates two types. The first is a verbal or syntactic passive because it is derived through a transformational rule. The second is a lexical passive that has certain properties in common with the predicate adjectives in both Chinese and English and is derived through the semantic function and in lexical…

The question of how 'communication' is metaphorized in Japanese is examined and this metaphorization is contrasted with Reddy's (1979) conduit metaphor. A claim is made that there is a strong tendency for Japanese to conceptualize 'word' as 'fluid' and to fuse 'word' and 'meaning.' English, which unlike Japanese, has overt count/mass and…

Proto-Siouan "one" is reconstructed in two versions from two separate cognate sets, both of which are defective in that each has been entirely lacking from one or another of the major Siouan subgroups. One of the sets for "one" is found in Mississippi Valley Siouan, and it contains the same root as the indefinite article that…

Weak forms belong to the realm of sentence phonetics. Syntactic and phonetic conditions for the various appearances of weak forms are discussed. Two examples show how much of a role weak forms have played in FL teaching. Comparisons with English are made. (Text is in German.) (IFS/WGA)

The formal-functional contrastive analysis approach is suggested as an alternative to both the structural and the transformational contrastive approaches. A theoretical explanation and a practical contrastive technique for the formal-functional approach are given. (CJ)

This dictionary contains a word list of 10,993 English-French cognates (words with the same or similar spelling and meaning in both languages), including some loan words from other languages. A systematic review of the Larousse "Dictionnaire Moderne Francais--Anglais" (1960) provided this list of cognates. Deceptive cognates, or words…

This paper studies the variety of Arabic imperative sentences, which are seen as the result of an interrelated set of choices made from a limited number of binary systems, and analyzes their occurrence in different situations. Where possible, relevant features of Arabic imperative structures are compared with their nearest English equivalents. The…

The Welsh verbal noun, a form spanning two grammatical categories much as the English "-ing" form does, is examined from the points of view of its dual role in Welsh grammar; its occurrence in the history of the Celtic language family; periphrastic tense constructions with "bod" ("be"), "gwneud"…

Summarizes author's work in developing a transformational-generative grammar which can account for concurrent production of two or several languages. (DH)

The article traces the history of comparative linguistics, noting a continual increase in the breadth of such studies. It then considers the related fields of typological-comparative linguistics and confrontative linguistics, their differences and similarities in methodology and application. (Text is in German.) (DH)