The origin, etymology and phonology of two words of Chinese origin found in Peruvian Spanish are outlined. The words, "chifa" and "chaufa," derive from Cantonese words for "rice" and have been adapted into Spanish. (CHK)

Discusses, using examples, problems raised by differences in meaning between "equivalent" Russian and German words. Calls for clear definitions of Russian basic vocabulary words. (Text is in German and Russian.) (IFS/WGA)

A study of the five terms used in French for the English term "Marketing." The notion "marketing" is defined, proposed solutions are compiled and criticized. While "marketing" is more frequently used, other factors indicate that "mercatique" is in the lead. (Text is in French.) (AMH)

A study of four classes of binomial phrases in French and English; expression of quantity, genitives, nominalization and characterization. By comparing English and French definiteness and determination markers, a set of equivalencies for each of the two noun markers is established, and a limited set of rules is provided. (AMH)

Describes the lexical characteristics of South African Indian English, focusing on its similarities with English in India, pidgins and creoles, and other expatriate Indian Englishes. (Author/CB)

Considers children's understanding and use of contrast in language, including discussion of the role contrast plays in adult speech, the kinds of contrast commonly exemplified, and possible tests for sameness or difference of meaning. (CB)

Reviews two studies of the relationship between gender loading in languages and the perception of gender by speakers of those languages; the two studies reach contradictory conclusions. Examines a number of theoretical and methodological issues in linguistic relativity research and suggests avenues for further research. (SED)

Discusses several linguistic features at the phonological, morphological, structural, and semantic levels that should be investigated when applying comparative methodology to distant relationships. Advises caution in proposing proto-forms for distantly related languages, as they can obscure useful identification markers. (EKN)

Discusses the history, framework, and psychological basis of contrastive analysis. Presents three main points of view of contrastive analysis: (1) predictive (strong), (2) retrospective (weak), and (3) intralingual error analysis (a rejection of the contrastive analysis hypothesis). Suggests that the second viewpoint is more applicable and useful…

First examines German modal verbs with respect to multiple meanings and synonymy, finding that "implications," especially presuppositions, account for important differences in their uses. The same approach is used on French modals. Common features and differences are studied, and typical errors are predicted and classified. (Text is in…