This paper reports the first results of a three-year longitudinal study of the social maps of children beginning the transition to adolescence. This exploratory study is guided by Bronfenbrenner's conception of the ecology of human development stressing the importance of a phenomenological orientation to development in the context of ecological…

The purpose of this study is to describe, document, and analyze the classroom management techniques an elementary school teacher uses to establish and maintain group norms. An analysis of the data collected for a teacher who used a group process approach to classroom management is presented. Two types of norms were observed operating in classroom…

This study investigates similarities and differences in the interactions of infants with mothers and fathers, and examines the structural characteristics of social interaction between infants and fathers. Data are based on analyses of videotapes showing face-to-face interaction of five healthy first born infants with their mothers and fathers. The…

This paper attempts to demonstrate the utility of an alternative strategy for providing evaluation data on preschool programs. Results of observational investigations of teacher-child interactions in three separate preschool settings provide evidence that the family income status, childs' sex and physical attractiveness determine to a significant…

A study investigated whether the interactive behaviors of elderly individuals were significantly influenced by their environment. The key to the investigation was the notion that human interaction can function to aid elderly individuals as they adapt to aging. Subjects were individuals over 65 years of age living in one of three separate…

This article describes the use of a Group Log to evaluate the personal growth experienced and group skills learned in group counseling in which the counselor-in-training writes a Group Log for each group experience. The evaluation criteria of the log are presented in terms of therapeutic forces and group dynamics observed, self-awareness…

The purpose of the study was to find out if and how the subject matter of a remedial high school classroom interacted with the social organization of that classroom and the differences it made. Two classrooms with different subject matter (mathematics and social studies) were observed over the course of a school year. The multiple awarenesses and…

Ethnography as a classroom observation method addresses itself to the situations, events, patterns, and contexts that exist in a classroom at a given time. A priori categorical observation and evaluation systems measure what the system is designed to "see," and may fail to record anomolies and salient events that affect teaching and learning in…

A study was conducted to describe the characteristics and effects of the verbal feedback offered by teachers to student miscues occurring during group oral reading instruction. Analyses were also made of the ways in which teachers varied feedback between students at different ability levels. The subjects were eight second grade teachers and their…

Experimental and supplementary observational studies of how children help one another learn are reported. In the experiment, developmental patterns in children's discourse in two common peer-learning situations were investigated. Sixty-four pairs of children, drawn equally from kindergarten and second grade, participated in the study. Dyads,…

The present paper describes the implementation of Judgment Analysis (JAN) as a useful experiential facilitator in the educational process. JAN first appeared in the literature in the early 1960's as a tool for capturing the decision-making policies of individuals. After individual policies are "captured," the process groups individuals…

A self-instructional program for use by teachers of the handicapped, this training manual was developed to teach accurate coding with the Oral Reading Observation System (OROS)an observation system designed to code teacher-pupil verbal interaction during oral reading instruction. The body of the manual is organized to correspond to the nine…

This paper presents a methodology for using the Benjamin Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) model in individual, couple and family therapy to describe relations among self-concept, early history and adult relationships. The SASB model of two-person social interactions defines behavioral opposites, complements, antidotes and…

This report describes classroom observation techniques used to record the behavior of educational specialists (teachers) and students in a kindergarten and a first grade classroom of the Kamehameha Early Education Program (KEEP). Classroom behavior was observed and recorded daily during the 1973-1974 school year. Each student was observed three…

After describing scenes that reveal a pattern in which whites regard blacks' speech behavior as threatening, aggressive, or hostile, and in which blacks disagree with their interpretation, this paper explores differences between black and white cultural assumptions, values, and conventions of aggressive behavior to account for the different…