This paper aims to analyze and discuss the psychological and sociological effects of colorism on the Black community and how that affects matriculation in secondary and higher education and social mobility. Moreover, the research will answer the following question: How does colorism affect dark-skinned Black students' social mobility, sense of…

This article discusses the issues of the basic processes underlying intelligence, considering both historical and contemporary perspectives. The attempt to elucidate basic processes has had, at best, mixed success. There are some problems with pinpointing the underlying basic processes of intelligence, both in theory and as tested, such as what…

Background: Across the United States and Canada drug-related Good Samaritan laws (GSLs) have been enacted to encourage observers of acute drug overdose events to contact emergency medical services (EMS) without fear of legal repercussions. However, little is known about the working knowledge of GSLs among people who use illicit drugs (PWUD). We…

This article analyzes the reliability and factor structure of the Self-Determination Inventory: Adult Report (SDI:AR) in adults with and without intellectual disability. There is a critical need for contemporary assessment tools given the emphasis on self-determination outcomes in disability supports and services. The findings suggest that the…

In a range of settings, human operators make decisions with the assistance of automation, the reliability of which can vary depending upon context. Currently, the processes by which humans track the level of reliability of automation are unclear. In the current study, we test cognitive models of learning that could potentially explain how humans…

Financial literacy refers to the knowledge required for individuals to make financial decisions. When individuals' subjective assessment of their financial literacy does not align with their actual level of financial knowledge (i.e., the discrepancy between subjective and objective financial literacy), it can result in a range of adverse…

There is ample evidence that individual-level cognitive mechanisms active during language learning and use can contribute to the evolution of language. For example, experimental work suggests that learners will reduce case marking in a language where grammatical roles are reliably indicated by fixed word order, a correlation found robustly in the…

The adoption of curricular approaches to strengthen student learning is spreading rapidly in student affairs. Because residence halls are the spaces where on-campus students spend most of their time, the development and implementation of the Residential Curriculum Model (RCM) throughout the United States is worthy of exploration. Many RCMs have…

Feedback is crucial for improving student learning. In this regard, overcoming the transmissive conception of feedback in favour of its dialogic function introduces new reflections concerning the internal generative feedback process. In this regard, Nicol [(2020). The power of internal feedback: Exploiting natural comparator processes.…

Throughout the world scientific reasoning (SR) is a valuable and desirable ability to gain deeper understanding of science in all grade level. In the current study, we first adapted the SPR-I (7) which consists of seven items with three sub-dimensions as the experimentation, the understanding the nature of science (NOS) and the data…

Math problem solving frequently involves choices among alternative strategies. Strategy choices, and effects of problem features on strategy choices, both vary among individuals. We propose that individual differences in strategy choices can be well characterized in terms of parametric variation in three types of influence: global bias, relevant…

Cultural capital can play a critical role in facilitating success in higher education. Consequently, scholars and educators often focus on the "possession" of cultural capital, highlighting differences in the amount or type of capital that students bring with them to college as a source of class-stratified educational experiences and…

This empirical tracking case study explores the content and quality of an infant's home musical environment and family member-infant musical interactions. To this end, this study tracked and analyzed audio recordings of an infant girl's family life between the ages of seven and thirteen months and follow-up interviews with her parents. The…

This article explores the question, 'what motivates the choice of teaching as a profession?' Availability of adequate teachers, professionally qualified in institutions of higher education to meet the curricular and structural challenges of school education, is a critical policy concern. This article is based on a study of 54 student-teachers…

Engagement and willingness to communicate (WTC) are crucial elements for second language (L2) learning. However, little is written about whether L2 learners demonstrate heterogeneous patterns of engagement and WTC in the classroom. This study aims to identify intraindividual differences in these two constructs and examine the roles of eight…