The four papers in this collection focus on cross-cultural concerns related to literature and literacy. The first paper discusses the development of children's literature as a field of study, and describes the emerging interest in children's literature as reflected in library collections, exhibits and book fairs, professional conferences,…

A unit has been developed that educators can use to promote teachers' and librarians' understanding of the literature written for children in China. The purpose of the unit is to help teachers and librarians develop some fundamental ideas about China as a background for understanding the English translated versions of Chinese children's…

This guide to a basic audiolingual course in Albanian for adult students contains both a literal and idiomatic translation for each dialogue as well as cartoons illustrating all 16 lessons. (NCR)

In the translation part of this study, 22 Japanese short stories were translated into English by native speakers of English and 20 English short stories were translated into Japanese by Japanese. The passive passages in the Japanese version were classified into either adversative or non-adversative passive. (See related documents AL 001 564 and AL…

This 12-week course in beginning Portuguese comprises four volumes of student text (Lessons 1-55) and a fifth volume of Portuguese-English/English-Portuguese vocabulary. Lesson materials consist of basic dialogs with English translation, recombination dialogs, readings and comprehension questions, oral exercises, and in later units, additional…

An experiment was carried out to investigate errors in translation exercises done by French students studying English as a second language. A code was devised to rate errors as being: (1) lexical or grammatical, and (2) related to the signifier or the signified, with further subdivisions within these groups. While this method has the advantage…

Grammatical transfer is used to render the values and meanings of the structures in Romanian pronouns into English. This device can be used in explaining the exact nuances of Romanian pronouns to speakers of English. In translating from English to Romanian, a special problem is presented by the pronoun "you," which in Romanian can take…

The report documents progress and results of a 2-1/3 year effort to further the prototype Chinese-English Machine Translation System. Additional rules were incorporated into the existing grammar for Chinese analysis and interlingual transfer, with emphasis on the latter. CHIDIC was updated and revised. Approximately 16,000 new entries were added…

This report documents efforts over a five-month period toward completion of a pilot system for machine translation of German scientific and technical literature into English. The report is divided into three areas: grammar formalism, programming, and linguistics. Work on grammar formalism concentrated mainly on increasing the power of the…

This two-hour, comprehensive examination in Latin for grades 6 through 9 is composed of three separate tests. Each tests language forms, translation of Latin into English, and translation of English into Latin. An optional translation passage is included. The first test, Alpha, is designed for the end of the first year of Latin in either grade 7…

This paper attempts to provide a contextual study of CILA--Centro Interamericano de Libros Academicos--a new scheme for the distribution of scholarly books in the Americas. Because of the scheme's peculiar relevance to the needs of Canadian academic libraries, the status of Latin American studies and relevant library collections in Canada are…

The material in this text on spoken Baoule (an Akan language of the Niger-Congo group of African languages) is presented in "microwave" format, in a series of short, two-phase cycles. Suggestions to the teacher, a brief explanation of the transcription system used, and a note on tones preface the first section of 15 cycles, which deal…

Trends in the teaching of Spanish which have developed during the past several decades are reviewed in this article. Criticism is directed especially toward the traditional and audiolingual methods of instruction. The increasingly important role of Spanish in the world is discussed. Observations are directed toward: (1) the traditional, the…

This study explores the effect of visual stimuli on second language vocabulary development. An experiment performed at Georgetown University postulates the hypothesis that concrete target words learned through translation and visual aids should offer better learning than the same words learned through translation alone. Findings are determined…

The use of translation activities involving mother-tongue input material and various translation tasks for native German speaking learners of English as a foreign language resulted in increased relevance of and motivation for communicative activities and fostered acquisition of new language resources. (Author/CB)