This volume is one in a series of studies in linguistics that is intended to supplement the "International Review of Applied Linguistics." Discourse analysis, or looking at language as text in context, is presented in the first chapter. This is correlated with what is known about the differences between languages in a second chapter on contrastive…

The Beijing Foreign Languages Institute is one of about 60 colleges and universities in the People's Republic of China that is directly under the Ministry of Education. Attached to the Institute are a high school and an elementary school where students start learning foreign languages in third grade. Classroom teaching is supplemented by…

MOST OF THE CRITICISMS OF TRANSLATION IN SECONDARY SCHOOL LANGUAGE COURSES FOCUS ON THE SUPPOSEDLY DIFFICULT PROBLEMS OF SELECTING, USING, AND GRADING TRANSLATION TESTS AS OPPOSED TO THE OBJECTIVE TESTS GENERALLY USED BY ADVOCATES OF AUDIOLINGUALISM. BUT MOST OF THESE CRITICISMS FAIL TO RECOGNIZE THAT THE PROCESS OF LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE…

Two objectives of this bilingual vocational education project were to modify and translate vocational education curricula for bilingual students and students of limited English speaking ability and to document the process of material modification and translation in a procedural manual. A needs assessment was conducted at the secondary level…

The first unit of this eight-volume refresher course in intermediate-advanced level Malay presents a detailed description of the Malay sound system, with phonological examples in both official (Latin) orthography and phonetic transcription. The remaining units in Book I--Part One (Units 2-4) and the five units in the second volume (Book I--Part…

The purpose of the report is to explain why so many different types of people in so many different parts of the country need languages in their work, and why students planning their education in preparation for certain kinds of careers should be aware of these needs. The focus is mainly on language as an auxiliary skill, on the careers in which…

This bibliographical survey of modern Arabic literature, 1800-1970, has two main purposes: (1) to assess the manner in which Arabic literature is received, viewed or evaluated in Western (primarily English) sources, and (2) to determine the gaps, points of emphasis or directions which characterize Western scholarship in the field. The 891 entries…

The effectiveness of test adaptation based on item selection and reordering of a Spanish (Mexican) version of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) was examined. Translated forms were administered to a sample of Mexican students. One item from each pair (A and B) was selected and reordered using a priori rules. The revised instrument was…

Differences between the English and Ukrainian verbal forms, meaning, and usage are studied in this booklet. While the author illustrates significant distinctions in basic forms, sentences, and in paragraph structure, he concludes that the most important differences between both systems are of a psychological nature. Examples are cited, often using…

This beginning text is designed to teach the student to speak and understand modern Kabul (Afghan) Persian. (It is suggested that the materials be studied with a native speaker of Kabul Persian.) Chapter I presents the vowels and consonants in initial, medial, and final position, with a brief description of their articulation and their closest…

A method is proposed in which nondefined Chinese characters may be uniquely classified thus making them compatible for machine translation. An optical-digital device is used to locate nondefined geometric shapes within Chinese characters via spatial filtering techniques and cyclic cross-correlation. Seventeen nondefined geometric shapes are found…

This paper examines the semantic and structural characteristics of a basic pattern in English and discusses Spanish equivalents. A sentence-by-sentence analysis is made with consideration of transformations on the basic patterns in both languages. Translation and transformation complications in the two languages are illustrated. The equivalence…

This publication contains most of the lectures given at the Second Symposium on Applied Linguistics. The theme of the symposium was "The Task of Linguistics with Relation to the Problems of Canadian Bilingualism." Two opening speeches comprise the first section of the proceedings. Documents in the section on general linguistics and its…

The Boehm Test of Basic Concepts was translated into Navajo to investigate whether an English test can be translated into Navajo in a form suitable for assessing the language development of K-2 level Navajos. Differences were in: syntactic difficulty, organization of experience into concepts, accidental similarity of words, ranges of meaning. (SCC)

Recommends the use of recorded passages in the source language, English, for translation into the target language, Spanish. Oral comments about linguistic difficulties are in Spanish. (MLA)