IN THE LAST 20 YEARS, SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE AND THE PSYCHOLOGY OF LANGUAGE LEARNING, RESEARCH IN STRUCTURAL LINGUISTICS, AND NEWLY-DEVELOPED TECHNOLOGY HAVE BROUGHT ABOUT REVOLUTIONARY CHANGES IN LANGUAGE-TEACHING METHODS. TO ACHIEVE AN IDEAL METHOD, THE POSSIBILITIES INHERENT IN THIS PROGRESS MUST BE EMPLOYED, AND THE…

BASED ON A LECTURE GIVEN AT THE UNIV. OF TEXAS SCIENCE CONFERENCE, NOV. 20, 1964, THIS PAPER PRESENTS IN RELATIVELY NON-TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY A DESCRIPTION OF THE "STRUCTURAL" APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE WHICH UNDERLIES THE WORK OF THE LINGUISTICS RESEARCH CENTER. THIS APPROACH ANALYZES LANGUAGE IN SUCH A WAY THAT IT CAN BE MANIPULATED WITH…

IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PROGRAM FOR MECHANIZING TRANSLATION, SOME PROBLEMS WOULD REMAIN EVEN WHEN THE MORPHEMES AND GRAMMATICAL PROCESSES INVOLVED ARE REASONABLY EQUIVALENT IN THE TWO LANGUAGES. EQUIVALENT GRAMMATICAL RELATION HAS TO BE DEFINED BECAUSE IMPORTANT STRUCTURAL SIMILARITIES AMONG SENTENCES ARE FOUND MORE OFTEN IN THEIR DEEP STRUCTURE…

CONVENTIONS FOR CLASSICAL JAPANESE HAIKU USUALLY INCLUDE--17 JAPANESE SYLLABLES IN A 5-7-5 LINE PATTERN, AND SOME SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO AN ASPECT OF NATURE AND TO A PARTICULAR EVENT, PRESENTED AS IF IT WERE HAPPENING IN THE IMMEDIATE PRESENT TO ALLOW THE READER TO EXPERIENCE THE POET'S EMOTION. HAIKU IN ENGLISH, A FORM OF POETRY WHICH HAS BECOME…

This text in basic Swahili structure was originally written in East Africa as a teacher's guide and student's reference and was used as a basis for a course taught largely orally (with the teacher using drills he had prepared himself). The author suggests that although it is not a "linguist's book," it should prove useful to those who are teaching…

The "Romanian Basic Course," consisting of 89 lesson units in eight volumes, is designed to train native English language speakers to Level 3 proficiency in comprehension, speaking, reading, and writing Romanian (based on a 1-5 scale in which Level 5 is native speaker proficiency). Volume 1, which introduces basic sentences in dialog…

This is an analysis of the linguistic problems posed by vocabulary instruction in an introductory English course. Three criteria should govern any method chosen for the teaching of vocabulary in an introductory course in English as a second language: (1) semantic relations within the lexicon; (2) vocabulary progression independent of grammar and…

More than forty articles originally published in "The Horn Book Magazine" between 1968 and 1977 are grouped into eleven topical sections in this volume. The sections deal with the status, classification, and evaluation of children's literature; conflicting standards on which children's books are judged; fantasy, humor, and current trends in…

The first volume in this series on Serbo-Croatian-English contrastive analysis contains four articles. They are: "Contrasting via Translation: Formal Correspondence vs. Translation Equivalence," by Vladimir Ivir; "Approach to Contrastive Analysis," by Leonardo Spalatin; and "The Choice of the Corpus for the Contrastive Analysis of Serbo-Croatian…

This dictionary is divided into two main sections, each containing approximately 9,000 entries. In the first section, English to Cherokee, the information is organized in 3 columns. In column 1 are found English words in standard English orthography and in alphabetical order, in column 2 the romanized representation of the Cherokee translation and…

The problems confronting the translator of American Indian literature are immense. The history of European Indian relations has obscured many original Indian values and attitudes and has substituted a set of simplistic and unreal Anglo attitudes that translators must transcend. Unlike most Western literature, Indian literature does not instruct,…

Translation may be compared to a cable composed of many simultaneous strands of transfer. In translation, there is replacement which involves general hierarchical organization, grammatical constructions and constituents, mapping of deep onto surface structures, classes, ordering, lexicon, phonology, concordance, points of ambiguity, and…

This guide was designed to provide both the occasional and the professional bilingual Spanish-English translator with some working definitions based on modern linguistics and to call his or her attention to certain difficulties in translating. Sections on the following are included: (1) context sensitivity, (2) frequency matching, (3) style…

This introductory text in Punjabi (also spelled Panjabi) is intended primarily for those whose mother tongue is not Punjabi but are native speakers of other Indian languages. Some familiarity with the Punjabi cultural items is presupposed. The non-Indian may, however, also be able to use this text with profit since the lessons are graded. The…

The book was written by first and second grade pupils at San Xavier Mission School in Tucson, Arizona. Ideas of the Papago and Yuqui Indian culture are expressed in the children's own words. It is written in Papago, Spanish and English and has pictures depicting every passage. The passages concern the children's families, school, play, everyday…