Considers with examples from German to English translation: (1) the extent that translation fulfills its role as an achievement test and as a test of proficiency, (2) how useful it is as a diagnostic test, and (3) what role it should play in the testing of advanced learners. (EKN)

The concept of criterion referenced testing is examined and compared with that of norm referenced testing in terms of statistical translation problems and the relative merits of both testing concepts. (JC)

This article discusses the neglect of "metaphor" by translation theorists, and the translation implications of "metaphor.""Metaphor" is defined, the process of translating it is reviewed and a number of examples of metaphors translated from Hebrew to English are given. (CLK)

Judaism is, through its scholarly traditions, both inclusive and isolationist. In the Bavli Talmud the rabbis discuss whether or not the Torah, or any other sacred writing, can be translated into the languages of the "goyim" (Hebrew for nations, generally referring to nations other than Israel) and have that translation continue to…

This third edition of a guide for translators contains more information than the second edition and looks at translation as a business as well as an occupation, focusing on marketing and quality control. It is designed for people with little or no practical experience with translation in a commercial environment. The 16 chapters examine these…

This paper explores the issue of unconscious manipulation in translation. The translator engages in creating new text subject to the principles of totality and part-whole relations. The closer the parts and relations to those of the source text (ST), the more related this new whole will be to the former one. In attempting to preserve ST semantic…

Six traditional Yup'ik stories are presented in Yup'ik along with English word-for-word translations. Five of the selections are traditional Yup'ik myths or legends called "qulirat"--stories that have been transmitted from generation to generation and often have supernatural elements. The sixth is a personal account of life in a…

Objective measurement in translation evaluation is a relatively untouched area, especially at the level of the lexis. No thoroughly worked-out method has been put forward for the scientific evaluation of a translation. Yet few translators would question the potential value of such a device. Certainly translation evaluation is not limited to the…

Presented at "Translation 73," a conference on the present state of literary translation, Columbia University, March 30, 1973. (DD)

Expanded version of a paper presented before the Applied Linguistics Section of the South Central Modern Language Association Convention, Memphis, Tennessee, 1970. (DD)

Paper presented at the Second International Conference on Linguistics and Translation, October 4-7, 1972, Montreal, Canada. (DD)

Based on selections from S.J. Roganova's article Perevod s russkogo jaz'ika na nemeckij'' (Translation from Russian into German), published by V'issaja Skola, 1971. (DD)