Terms for such things as furniture in English reflect function and are specific, not generic in nature. French equivalents are based on linguistic criteria. "Tables basses" or "tables de salon" are equivalents of "coffee tables"; they illustrate the tendency toward the generic of the French language. (Text is in French.) (AMH)

The English language has adopted a large number of foreign words and apparently has a tradition of readily accepting new words of foreign origin. The following points are discussed: simple transliteration, authorized translation, the danger of analogies and foreign words currently not accepted in English. (AMH)

An examination of one of the problems of data banks dealing with terminology and serving varieties of users. The problem addressed is: Do such data banks actually fulfil their objective, and, if not, what modifications should be made? Difficulties experienced by translators are discussed. (Text is in French.) (AMH)

Discusses ways of designing software to minimize the problems associated with translating the users interface from English into a foreign language. The Examiner, a test development and delivery system that was translated from English into Dutch, is used as an example, and both its design and its implementation are described. (LRW)

Because automated natural language processing relies heavily on the still developing fields of linguistics, knowledge representation, and computational linguistics, no system is capable of mimicking human linguistic capabilities. For the present, interactive systems may be used to augment today's technology. (MSE)

Discusses an approach to translation based on textual linguistics. The student/translator first looks at the foreign language text as a whole, then analyzes its parts, and finally arrives at a new synthesis (the translation) that is comparable to the original text. (CFM)

A study of strategies used by translators examines the effects of age, context, and methods of learning the first and second languages on the type of strategy chosen. (MSE)

Methods from Item Response Theory were used to assess the degree to which a French-Canadian translation of the Job Descriptive Index, a job satisfaction inventory, provided measurement equivalence across source and target languages and cultures. The procedures were found to be applicable to cross-language research. (Author/LHW)

Describes problems faced by late medieval libraries during period of transition from the manuscript to the printed book. A translation of a manual created for a Swiss monastery circa 1520 provides information on librarian's duties, arrangement of the library, procedures for inventorying and cataloging, circulation, and public services. (31…

Presents data on the translation, reliability, concurrent validity, and norms of the Spanish, Hebrew, and Chinese versions of three equivalent forms of the Depression Adjective Check Lists, compared with the English version. Reliability estimates for the four versions were quite similar in magnitude. (NRB)

Describes a technique used in an English composition course to encourage student experimentation with different language choices. The students are given a Chinese poem, along with a romanized pronunciation and dictionary translation of each character. They are then instructed to write a few sentences in English conveying the poem's message. (SED)

Describes a study which sought to determine whether memory for input language is affected by proficiency in the nondominant language. The subjects were native Hebrew speakers with varying degrees of proficiency in English. Basic and advanced subjects did not score higher with input in their dominant language. (SED)

Recommends use of entries from the information retrieval diary of Ted Crump, expert technical translator at the National Institute of Health, in the construction of computer models showing how expert translators solve problems of ambiguity in language. Expert and inexpert translation systems, eponyms, abbreviations, and alphabetic solutions are…

The logic of the Japanese language, which differs considerably from that of most Western languages, requires that much analysis be done by the translation process to properly assimilate the intended message. Further research into this is needed to improve both the translation process and training in translation. (MSE)

Considers question of appropriate translation of English gerund into Spanish. While English has two distinct constructions, the gerund and the clause (tensed or infinitive), Spanish has both types of clauses but no comparable use of the gerund. Suggests that English gerund be translated into Spanish not by a bare clause, but instead by the…