A conception of schooling and its associated conception of educational policy, designed to join rural schools with their communities in a powerful force for rural development, are described in this paper. Information is presented in the form of answers to pertinent questions and covers the following areas: the revitalization of rural communities;…

The purpose of this paper is to trace the development of camping and outdoor education in the United States. The early beginnings of camping are described along with the development of organized camps and the influences of urbanization on camping. The basic idea of education through camping is presented for each of the various types of organized…

In this paper, the cultural pluralism which exists in New Mexico is discussed. Most citizens of New Mexico have been placed in 1 of 3 categories: Indians, Anglo-Americans, and Spanish Americans. Since Spanish and English are the official languages of New Mexico, making it the only officially bilingual state, the Spanish American culture is…

This paper examines urban and regional planning and the urban impact of welfare programs in the United States as compared to the major Northern European capitalist countries. American differences are explained in terms of class structure, ideology, and political organization. (Author/EB)

A model of the impact of urban networks on monetary circulation is developed. The author argues that considering the effects of urbanization and occupational specialization on the velocity of money provides a fuller understanding of English inflation from 1500-1650 than traditional explanations focusing on population growth or changes in the money…

Hypotheses related to migrants' adaptation to occupational and social systems of industrial society were tested using data on automobile workers from rural and urban backgrounds in countries at different levels of industrialization: India, Argentina, Italy, and United States. Hypotheses were the industrial man hypothesis and the developmental…

A response to a critique of bilingual education by J. R. Edwards (1981) argues that our understanding of the nature of modern bilingualism must be broadened through a reading of the pertinent research in recent social science. This could lead to a grasping of the economic and social class dimensions of bilingualism in current urbanization and…

Indicators of normative traditionalism were derived from 1947 and 1970 attitude surveys of adolescents from 68 Pennsylvania high schools. Rural-urban character of the areas was indexed by 1950 and 1970 census materials. Although 1970 normative climates were more permissive, findings suggest continuing utility of rural-urban distinction in dealing…

This article reviews six books about the dynamics of urban change in Canada. Common themes dealing with complex urban structures, citizen participation in policy making, and other issues are discussed along with implications for the future of Canada. (EB)

Investigated causes for rise in female age of marriage in Sri Lanka, studying 10,964 persons from 1,974 households. Found that rise in marriage age was not primarily a response to social pressure for fertility decline, but rather a result of urbanization, higher levels of education, unemployment, and consequent decline in parentally arranged early…

Explores historical and current trends in public education policy to "improve" rural schools by making them more "urban-like" and more responsive to the needs of an economic world market. Describes a rural school district in Texas and predicts negative effects of present state reforms. Presents organizational alternatives for…

Presents an activity designed to improve students' basic mathematics, reading, and reasoning skills while involving them in the application and understanding of human geography concepts. Describes the activity's background, place in the curriculum, development, implementation, and learning outcomes. Provides the activity in a form ready for…

The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) created the Relocation Program in 1952 to sever Indian federal trust status and impose Euro-American values on Indians all under the guise of benevolence. Led from reservations to urban areas, Indians found the problems of their reservations in their new locations: few employment opportunities, poor housing…

This paper examines the basic components of the process of settlement, types of offences and language of Akan traditional arbitration. The paper also considers arbitration and Akan sociocultural norms and values. The paper finally discusses the status of Akan arbitration within the context of contemporary forms of adjudication, democracy,…

A vexing modern conundrum is to be solved. The use of oil, gas, and coal is extremely short-lived as a historical phenomenon: a mere blink of an eye at a little more than 1% of total urban history of 10,000 years to-date. Yet current urban civilization is almost entirely based on it. And the fossil-fuel economy poses not only a massive security…