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Peer reviewed
Direct linkBooth, Amy E.; Shavlik, Margaret; Haden, Catherine A. – Developmental Psychology, 2022
From an early age, children show a keen interest in discovering the causal structure of the world around them. Given how fundamental causal information is to scientific inquiry and knowledge, this early emerging "causal stance" might be important in propelling the development of scientific literacy. However, currently little is known…
Descriptors: Scientific Literacy, Causal Models, Young Children, Child Development
Angrist, Joshua – National Bureau of Economic Research, 2022
The view that empirical strategies in economics should be transparent and credible now goes almost without saying. The local average treatment effects (LATE) framework for causal inference helped make this so. The LATE theorem tells us for whom particular instrumental variables (IV) and regression discontinuity estimates are valid. This lecture…
Descriptors: Economics, Statistical Analysis, Causal Models, Regression (Statistics)
Ruoxuan Li; Lijuan Wang – Grantee Submission, 2024
Causal-formative indicators are often used in social science research. To achieve identification in causal-formative indicator modeling, constraints need to be applied. A conventional method is to constrain the weight of a formative indicator to be 1. The selection of which indicator to have the fixed weight, however, may influence statistical…
Descriptors: Social Science Research, Causal Models, Formative Evaluation, Measurement
Jennifer Van Reet – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2024
Pretend play is often hypothesized in a global sense to be an effective context for young children's learning, but there is much still to learn about whether all types of information can be learned equally and whether all types of pretend play are equally beneficial. The present study tests whether preschoolers can learn a simple, novel causal…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Preschool Education, Play, Conventional Instruction
Christopher K. Gadosey; Theresa Schnettler; Anne Scheunemann; Lisa Bäulke; Daniel O. Thies; Markus Dresel; Stefan Fries; Detlev Leutner; Joachim Wirth; Carola Grunschel – European Journal of Psychology of Education, 2024
Although cross-sectional studies depict (negative) emotions as both antecedents and consequences of trait procrastination, longitudinal studies examining reciprocal relationships between procrastination and emotions are scant. Yet, investigating reciprocal relationships between procrastination and emotions within long-term frameworks can shed…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Undergraduate Students, Time Management, Anxiety
Megan Shiroda; Clare G.-C. Franovic; Joelyn de Lima; Keenan Noyes; Devin Babi; Estefany Beltran-Flores; Jenna Kesh; Robert L. McKay; Elijah Persson-Gordon; Melanie M. Cooper; Tammy M. Long; Christina V. Schwarz; Jon R. Stoltzfus – CBE - Life Sciences Education, 2024
Causal mechanistic reasoning is a thinking strategy that can help students explain complex phenomena using core ideas commonly emphasized in separate undergraduate courses, as it requires students to identify underlying entities, unpack their relevant properties and interactions, and link them to construct mechanistic explanations. As a…
Descriptors: Undergraduate Students, College Faculty, STEM Education, Science Instruction
Download full textLeah J. Scharlott; Dalton W. Rippey; Vanessa Rosa; Nicole M. Becker – Journal of Chemical Education, 2024
The alignment of teaching and assessment in chemistry courses is critical for the practice of science and positive student learning outcomes. This paper addresses how instructors can align what they do in class with assessments across topics to improve students' understanding and explanations of chemical phenomena. We drew on the foundations of…
Descriptors: Introductory Courses, Chemistry, Science Education, Causal Models
Joong won Lee; Young-Suk Kim – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2024
The aim of this study is to explore the relation of morphological awareness to vocabulary, word reading, and reading comprehension for middle school students in Korea. A total of 121 students (73 boys and 48 girls) in Grade 7 from two middle schools in a metropolitan city in South Korea participated in the study. The students were assessed on the…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Middle School Students, Reading Comprehension, Word Recognition
Mohammed Alhwaiti – International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 2024
The aim was to investigate the mediating role of emotional regulation and emotional expression in the relationship between autistic traits and empathy in Saudi students. Participants were undergraduate students at Umm Al-Qura University. A total of 398 questionnaires were sent out, and 260 valid questionnaires were received. Descriptive statistics…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Undergraduate Students, Emotional Response, Self Control
Ting Ye; Ted Westling; Lindsay Page; Luke Keele – Grantee Submission, 2024
The clustered observational study (COS) design is the observational study counterpart to the clustered randomized trial. In a COS, a treatment is assigned to intact groups, and all units within the group are exposed to the treatment. However, the treatment is non-randomly assigned. COSs are common in both education and health services research. In…
Descriptors: Nonparametric Statistics, Identification, Causal Models, Multivariate Analysis
Yuejin Zhou; Wenwu Wang; Tao Hu; Tiejun Tong; Zhonghua Liu – Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2024
Causal mediation analysis is a popular approach for investigating whether the effect of an exposure on an outcome is through a mediator to better understand the underlying causal mechanism. In recent literature, mediation analysis with multiple mediators has been proposed for continuous and dichotomous outcomes. In contrast, methods for mediation…
Descriptors: Regression (Statistics), Causal Models, Evaluation Methods, Vignettes
Kim, Yongnam; Steiner, Peter M. – Sociological Methods & Research, 2021
For misguided reasons, social scientists have long been reluctant to use gain scores for estimating causal effects. This article develops graphical models and graph-based arguments to show that gain score methods are a viable strategy for identifying causal treatment effects in observational studies. The proposed graphical models reveal that gain…
Descriptors: Scores, Graphs, Causal Models, Statistical Bias
Irene Campos-Sánchez; Eva María Navarrete-Muñoz; Dries S. Martens; Isolina Riaño-Galán; Aitana Lertxundi; Sabrina Llop; Mónica Guxens; Cristina Rodríguez-Dehli; Nerea Lertxundi; Raquel Soler-Blasco; Martine Vrijheid; Tim S. Nawrot; John Wright; Tiffany C. Yang; Rosie McEachan; Kristine Bjerve Gützkow; Vaia Lida Chatzi; Marina Vafeiadi; Mariza Kampouri; Regina Grazuleviciene; Sandra Andrusaityte; Johanna Lepeule; Desirée Valera-Gran – Journal of Attention Disorders, 2025
Objective: To explore the association between telomere length (TL) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children at 6-12 years. Method: Data from 1,759 children belonging to the HELIX project cohorts and the Asturias, Gipuzkoa and Valencia cohorts of INMA project were included. TL was determined by blood sample using a…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Genetic Disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Mothers
Olivia D. Perrin; Jinhyo Cho; Edward T. Cokely; Jinan N. Allan; Adam Feltz; Rocio Garcia-Retamero – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2025
Numerate people tend to make more informed judgments and decisions because they are more risk literate (i.e., better able to evaluate and understand risk). Do numeracy skills also help people understand regular science reporting from mainstream news sources? To address this question, we investigated responses to regular science reports (e.g.,…
Descriptors: Numeracy, Critical Thinking, Evaluative Thinking, Bias
Yuan Liang; Ting Ji; Shuying Zhou; Xiaolin Liu; Hao Yan – British Educational Research Journal, 2025
Constructing personalised and effective online language learning models based on individual personality differences is crucial in the field of education. However, there is little research on how to apply these models to students in science and engineering who have varying personality profiles. This study aimed to assess the validity of the Online…
Descriptors: Personality Traits, Language Acquisition, Second Language Learning, College Students
