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Zheng, Rong; Busemeyer, Jerome R.; Nosofsky, Robert M. – Cognitive Science, 2023
Though individual categorization or decision processes have been studied separately in many previous investigations, few studies have investigated how they interact by using a two-stage task of first categorizing and then deciding. To address this issue, we investigated a categorization-decision task in two experiments. In both, participants were…
Descriptors: Classification, Decision Making, Task Analysis, Feedback (Response)
Crimston, Jessica; Redshaw, Jonathan; Suddendorf, Thomas – Developmental Psychology, 2023
Previous research has suggested that infants are able to distinguish between possible and impossible events and make basic probabilistic inferences. However, much of this research has focused on children's intuitions about past events for which the outcome is already determined but unknown. Here, we investigated children's ability to use…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Thinking Skills, Intuition, Discrimination Learning
Cheek, Connor L.; Garcia, Jessica L.; Mehta, Paras D.; Francis, David J.; Grigorenko, Elena L. – Exceptional Children, 2023
Twice-exceptionality (2e), broadly defined as the co-occurrence of a gift or talent and a disability, has been a part of the educational lexicon since the 1990s, although its empirical backing is limited. We conducted a comprehensive review of the empirical literature on 2e and created a simulation study of 2e. For the latter, we constructed…
Descriptors: Gifted Disabled, Incidence, Students with Disabilities, Academically Gifted
Jongbloed, Janine; Giret, Jean-François – Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 2023
Education determines life chances across the globe, but human capital and skill formation offer context-specific advantages in the labour market during the transition from school to work. Our study focuses specifically on the varying effects of low skill on youth 'not in employment, education or training' (NEET) statuses via educational…
Descriptors: Skills, Role, Prediction, Out of School Youth
Andersen, Ida Gran – British Educational Research Journal, 2023
Gender stereotypes in the natural sciences may discourage girls from pursuing STEM fields, thus contributing to the differential STEM pathways of males and females. This paper exploits quasi-experimental data from a vignette study to investigate teachers' gender bias in STEM at the transition to upper secondary school in Denmark--a key stage in…
Descriptors: Gender Bias, Sex Stereotypes, STEM Education, Secondary Education
Lin, Shuo-Yu; Cheng, Xiaolu; Rossheim, Matthew E.; Gress, Dustin; Cuellar, Alison Evans; Cheskin, Lawrence; Xue, Hong – Journal of American College Health, 2023
Objective: To examine dose-response associations between use of specific social media sites and the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and traditional cigarettes. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 298 first-year college students enrolled in the fall 2019 semester at a large state university. Heckman selection and Probit model…
Descriptors: Social Media, Smoking, Correlation, College Freshmen
Chan, Wendy – American Journal of Evaluation, 2022
Over the past ten years, propensity score methods have made an important contribution to improving generalizations from studies that do not select samples randomly from a population of inference. However, these methods require assumptions and recent work has considered the role of bounding approaches that provide a range of treatment impact…
Descriptors: Probability, Scores, Scoring, Generalization
Chen, Lin-An; Kao, Chu-Lan Michael – International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 2022
The uniformly most accurate (UMA) is an important optimal approach in interval estimation, but the current literature often introduces it in a confusing way, rendering the learning, teaching and researching of UMA problematic. Two major aspects cause this confusion. First, UMA is often interpreted to maximize the accuracy of coverage, but in fact,…
Descriptors: Accuracy, Mathematics Instruction, Learning Processes, Probability
Raykov, Tenko; Doebler, Philipp; Marcoulides, George A. – Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 2022
This article is concerned with the large-sample parameter estimator behavior in applications of Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis in behavioral measurement. The property of strong convergence of the popular Bayesian posterior median estimator is discussed, which states numerical convergence with probability 1 of the resulting estimates to the…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Measurement Techniques, Correlation, Factor Analysis
Casseus, Myriam; Graber, Judith M.; West, Bernadette; Wackowski, Olivia – Journal of American College Health, 2022
Objective: To describe the prevalence of tobacco use among a nationally representative sample of college students with disabilities. Participants: Analyses were conducted on a sample of 6189 college students. Methods: Data from the 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health were analyzed for ever use, past-month, past-year use of tobacco…
Descriptors: Smoking, College Students, Incidence, Students with Disabilities
Frömke, Cornelia; Kirstein, Mathia; Zapf, Antonia – Research Synthesis Methods, 2022
The accuracy of a diagnostic test is often expressed using a pair of measures: sensitivity (proportion of test positives among all individuals with target condition) and specificity (proportion of test negatives among all individuals without target condition). If the outcome of a diagnostic test is binary, results from different studies can easily…
Descriptors: Accuracy, Diagnostic Tests, Meta Analysis, Statistical Analysis
Metsämuuronen, Jari – Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 2022
The reliability of a test score is usually underestimated and the deflation may be profound, 0.40 - 0.60 units of reliability or 46 - 71%. Eight root sources of the deflation are discussed and quantified by a simulation with 1,440 real-world datasets: (1) errors in the measurement modelling, (2) inefficiency in the estimator of reliability within…
Descriptors: Test Reliability, Scores, Test Items, Correlation
Haun, Phil; O'Hara, Michael – Journal of Political Science Education, 2022
This article describes a simple two-player game which illustrates basic concepts of brinkmanship, to include calculations of probability and expected outcomes, and risk-taking profiles. The game befits a single 50-minute class period with introduction, gameplay, and discussion. The game can supplement the study of conflict from classic Cold War…
Descriptors: Educational Games, Risk, Probability, Class Activities
Renelle, Amy; Budgett, Stephanie; Jones, Rhys – Teaching Statistics: An International Journal for Teachers, 2021
Everyone, including teachers, is prone to randomness misconceptions. In this article, we investigate the perceptions of randomness held by New Zealand secondary school teachers. The responses to a question asked in an online, anonymous questionnaire sent to New Zealand teachers will be explored. One question asked participants to create a sequence…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Secondary School Teachers, Misconceptions, Problem Solving
Sinharay, Sandip; Johnson, Matthew S. – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2021
Score differencing is one of the six categories of statistical methods used to detect test fraud (Wollack & Schoenig, 2018) and involves the testing of the null hypothesis that the performance of an examinee is similar over two item sets versus the alternative hypothesis that the performance is better on one of the item sets. We suggest, to…
Descriptors: Probability, Bayesian Statistics, Cheating, Statistical Analysis