This paper reviews the role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in children's learning. The paper contends that two types of learning exist: self-initiated learning which is intrinsically motivated, and learning initiated by another person which involves external rewards. The paper suggests that motivation is not unidimensional and that task…

Designed for integration into existing school curriculum, this is the third in a series of five career education curriculum kits for teachers of grades K-3. Each kit pertains to one of five specified career education program goals. The goal for this curriculum kit is, "Students will identify their individuality and continue to develop a…

Designed for integration into existing school curriculum, this is the fifth in a series of five career education curriculum kits for teachers of grades K-3. Each kit pertains to one of five specified career education program goals. The goal for this curriculum kit is, "Students will develop physical and mental skills related to occupational…

A sorting-recall procedure was used to examine the relationship between study and recall organization in reflective and impulsive children at the first and fourth grade levels. Data regarding sorting latencies per trial and the number of trials required to achieve stable sorts were provided by two indirect measures of the deliberateness and ease…

Three experiments, in which subjects read passages of variable readability, measured "cognitive capacity usage" (the attention level to reading material) by recording by subjects reaction times in a secondary task (responding to a "click"). The data indicated that the easy texts filled cognitive capacity more completely than the difficult texts,…

This publication is the second product of a project to update and reorder the Science Syllabus for Middle and Junior High Schools in the State of New York. The performance criteria and objectives are provided in a general outline in the first section, which conforms to the content subdivisions in the three "processes" sections: (1) Work and…

New and innovative approaches to teaching in elementary schools are often advocated by university teacher education programs but fail to reach the actual classroom. This phenomenon was explored by interviewing graduates from the University of Utah elementary education program. These teachers were required to take two courses designed to prepare…

National performance for 17-year-olds in school, 17-year-olds not in school and young adults aged 26-35 in the area of career and occupational development (COD) was assessed to determine whether or not education status and career development skills are related. Within each of the groups, performance of various subgroups was examined, defined by…

Results of physiological and psychological studies related to night and shift work are reviewed from the standpoint of their possible use by industry in understanding the problems of shift work and finding solutions. (New research data that has appeared since original preparation of the manuscript is presented in a three-part addendum with…

Teachers must consider eight things when they work in a bilingual reading program: each student's level of language development; the teaching method (whether synthetic, analytic, or a combination of the two) appropriate to the students' learning abilities; reading materials, including the degree of Spanish competency required of the teacher, the…

Two types of problems are found in the reading performance of children with poor work habits: a child may have mastered skills but performs inadequately in tasks due to poor work habits, and a child may never have mastered skills because of such habits. Work habit behavior is the student's tendency to apply himself or herself to learning tasks by…

This bibliography examines the major works on audio-visual testing of job proficiency, evaluates what has been done, and determines whether the development of an audio-visual proficiency test is feasible. Research in audio-visual testing began in the midforties with film slides and synchronized recorded sound. During the early 1950's sound motion…

Information on existing salary systems at 82 small private colleges throughout The U.S. is presented. Included are discussions on salary scales in relation to merit rating, and the monetary value of typical awards. Twenty-eight of the 82 colleges indicated ongoing merit rating plans. Study results include the following: (1) merit rating is not the…

This journal is devoted to the art of teaching in the field of speech communication. Articles collected in this issue address topics on the development of basic speech communication courses and include the following titles: "Onward . . . A Tradition Continues"; "Performance Courses: No Way to Run a Railroad" and "Not Revolution but Revision,"…

In this monograph research results of studies on the teaching of basic skills in elementary schools is synthesized with emphasis on the practical implications for actual practice in the classroom. Development of skills in reading and mathematics in the early grades is the focus. Four major factors in basic instruction are discussed. The importance…