Undertook two studies (n=113 and n=55) a year apart, to create an instrument that measures nutritional competence and self-efficacy among prospective physicians. Results using Rasch modeling demonstrate the reliability and validity of the scale for assessing mastery of applied nutrition among prospective physicians. (SLD)

A study with 85 second graders found that naming speed accounted for a sizable amount of unique variance in reading with vocabulary and phonemic awareness partialled out. Marked difficulties on reading tasks were seen in students with both slow naming speed and low phonemic awareness, thus supporting the double deficit hypothesis of reading…

Examines the sexual practices of 235 females aged 15 to 19 years and their readiness to use specific contraceptive methods. Results indicate that, despite the availability of newer contraceptive methods, most sexually active adolescents were least resistant to using condoms, perceiving the male condom as an acceptable preventative both for…

The average score of 44 nursing-home nurses on a nutrition knowledge questionnaire was 65%. Scores of registered nurses and licensed practical nurses were significantly different. Nutritional assessment activity correlated with nutritional knowledge. The need for further training regarding nutritional concerns of nursing-home residents was…

A British survey of dietary awareness and food preferences received 7,825 replies from 9,600 children in years 7 and 10. Although aware of the link between fat consumption and heart disease, many lacked knowledge about the fat content of foods and ways to make healthy lifestyle choices. (SK)

Used questionnaire and in-depth interviews to examine Scottish parents' preferences, knowledge, and expectations regarding preschool education selection. Found that parents prioritized the safety and care of their children above all else. Selection of type of provision depended upon the relative value attached to education, setting, convenience,…

Offers a resolution to the debate between constructivists and realists regarding the epistemological status of human knowledge. Presents evidence in the form of three case studies and one experimental study. Concludes that knowledge acquisition involves a pattern idea generation and test that, when cast in the form of a verbal argument, follows an…

Describes the Palliative Education Assessment Tool (PEAT), an innovative assessment to facilitate curricular mapping of palliative care education. The PEAT comprises seven palliative care domains, each of which details specific objectives of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. PEAT enables educators to describe a specific multidimensional aspect of…

A survey of 143 clergy found 29% had no education about child abuse and neglect and that 22% believe that evidence, rather than the suspicion of abuse, is required before a report is made. The need for increased efforts to educate clergy about child abuse and neglect is discussed. (CR)

Constructed a general information or knowledge test that measured 19 domains of general knowledge, with 6 first-order factors and 1 second-order general factor. Studied sex differences for 469 female and 167 male undergraduates. Results confirm previous research showing that males obtain higher average scores than females on information subtests,…

Shows, through examples from the practicum experience of preservice teachers, the pivotal role that teachers' narrative knowledge plays in how curriculum is lived in classrooms. Preservice teachers negotiated their own curriculum narratives within those of cooperating teachers. (SLD)

Illustrates the use of a particular situated method of interpretation in the analysis of data from three-year case studies of two schools. Analyzes various classroom incidents demonstrating that the particular constraints and affordances of formalized mathematics classrooms to which students become attuned contribute to the development of learning…

Investigates the direction of young children's reading comprehension skill in association with their ability to draw inferences and explores possible sources of inferential failure. Finds that the ability to make inferences was not a by-product of good reading comprehension, rather that good inference skills are a plausible cause of good reading…

Suggests a postmodern theory regarding knowledge organizations as active constructions of a perceived conception of particular discourse communities in the company, organization or knowledge fields for which the knowledge organization is intended. In this view, the interpretive process in knowledge organization and the culture and social context…

Interactive experiential learning about nutrition was undertaken by 11 registered nurses and 1 licensed practical nurse. Pretest scores averaged 56%, posttest scores 66%. Less-experienced nurses scored better; more-experienced nurses performed nutrition assessment most often. (SK)