In a study of 141 children in three infant schools in the Midlands it was concluded that they could rank themselves and each other with a high degree of agreement. By the age of six the criteria that they used were predominately academic. (Author)

Multiple choice questions that could logically provide two or more choices block the expression of judgment, thereby suppressing measurement of learning and failing to provide feedback to students and teachers. This study compares the effects of content identical multiple choice and multiple true false items on students' decision. (MT)

A total of 61 children from first through sixth grades participated in four balance-scale and four inclined-plane problem types in a study testing for invariance of subject classifications as rule-users across problems whose products differed but whose type did not. Results indicated that many children's classifications differed across…

This study examined the impact of a six-week segment of the Preschool Health Education Project on 53 preschool children, specifically assessing the impact of children's cognitive level and participation in school/home learning activities upon health knowledge and behavior during routine health examinations. Findings are discussed. (MT)

Interview results indicated terminally ill patients with knowledge produced significantly longer transcripts than others. Groups did not differ significantly on state or trait anxiety scales. There were significant associations involving age, anxiety, and the dependent variables of the content analysis, especially among terminally ill patients…

Mentally retarded (N=36) and nonretarded (N=37) children matched for MA (48 months) were assessed on gender understanding with the expectation that the two groups would show similar sequencing and attainment. The nonretarded subjects' data mirrored previous cross-sectional findings, but the retarded respondents displayed signficantly better gender…

Surveyed 57 new mothers to examine the relationship between level of knowledge of informed consent to medical procedures during childbirth with other variables. Results showed women reporting knowledge of patient rights and desire to learn assertiveness were less likely to give birth by cesarean section. Discusses implications for counselors. (JAC)

This examination of the role of information in society discusses information (certain form of knowledge that exists when this knowledge is alienated from its carrier) and knowledge, creating the information environment, the economic effects of information, and who should have access to information. (EJS)

Discusses the philosophical difference between the terms knowledge and understanding, and naming and knowing, sorting out the true nature of things from these labels. Approaches the understanding of things from analogic and mathematical viewpoints as well as the need for asking precisely focused questions to gain understanding. (JM)

Nutrition knowledge tests were administered to 1,193 adolescents in Oregon prior to instructional units on nutrition in health and home economics classes. Mean scores on the tests were low. Guidelines for nutrition educators of adolescents are presented. (Author/CJB)

The Test of Practical Knowledge was used with 116 blind and visually impaired adolescents. Most of the demographic variables had little or no relationship to acquired practical knowledge. Furthermore, legally blind-visually impaired students had more difficulty in acquiring practical knowledge than did their totally blind peers. (Author/CL)

A study of effects of a sex education program on the socio-sexual knowledge of attitude of 83 mildly intellectually handicapped adults revealed that community based know more initially than institutionalized Ss, and all Ss showed an improved knowledge and attitude score after the program compared to control. (Author/CL)

A 34-item sleep and dream information questionnaire was administered to 232 introductory psychology students to introduce them to the topics of sleep and dreams and to evaluate their knowledge of these areas. A majority of the items were answered correctly by students. Serious misconceptions by students are discussed. (RM)

A discussion-based approach to instruction in child abuse and neglect was effective in increasing student knowledge, developing more positive attitudes toward professionals dealing with abuse, and not disturbing a pilot group of 315 fifth and sixth graders. (Author/CL)

Examined the relationship between sources of information and service utilization, based on household interviews of 706 older adults. Information about services obtained through formal sources was the best predictor of service utilization. Most respondents, however, learned of services primarily through the media or through informal sources.…