The literature on sex-related differences in leadership behavior was reviewed in order to explore underlying factors. Currently there exist several models of male leadership in small groups, but no models of human leadership which represent the experiences of women in same sex and mixed sex groups. Key considerations for constructing such a model…

This report on ghetto social structure, surveying a sample of 120 black women from Boston, is an examination of the extent to which black urbanites maintain personal ties within the ghetto area. Nine chapters listed as follows constitute the document: social organization in the black ghetto; Boston-the city and the sample, primary social ties,…

This manual for parents provides guidelines for administering parent cooperative preschools (coops) and orienting coopmembers to their multiple roles within the school. It deals with the organizational structure of parent cooperative groups, the roles of parents and teachers, the mechanics of leadership, purposes and methods of parent education,…

Effectiveness of the Cornell University two week program for post-graduate, inservice training of engineers in the construction industry is evaluated. An interview form was administered to program originators, participants, faculty, and employers of the participants, following the first of three annual sessions, held in 1967. The program received…

Originally published in 1954, this investigation was designed to explore the formation of cohesiveness within work groups in an industrial setting, and the relationship of cohesiveness to productivity and to group members' mental health and adjustment. A company wide questionnaire survey, involving 228 groups totaling 5,871 workers, was made of…

The book offers an orientation to the contemporary situation and problems of American Indian peoples and provides a guide to the kinds of information which are available about Indians. The text and appendixes provide information concerning such basic issues as how "Indian" is to be defined and the consequences of one or another definition, the…

A three-way multidimensional scaling model is presented as a method for identifying classroom cliques, by simultaneous analysis of three variables (for example, chooser/choosen/criteria). Two scaling models--Carroll and Chang's INDSCAL and Lingoes' PINDIS--are presented and applied to two sets of empirical data. (CP)

Started in 1997, Washington Online Virtual Campus (WAOL) consists of a consortium of 34 community colleges around Washington State to provide asynchronous online learning. WAOL bears many of the features of a loosely coupled organization with its geographically dispersed frontline instructors, fragmented external environment, modularity of courses…

In a study to assess young children's social interaction with peers, six male toddlers who were the only participants in a playgroup were observed in two situations: (1) a GROUP situation in which at least four of the boys were present and (2) a DYAD situation in which only two boys were present. Both types of observations were made at 16, 19, and…

In contrast to a teacher-dominated literature classroom where authority rests with the one who has the power to grade, a classroom dedicated to cultivating the creative process breaks down the traditional hierarchies (such as theory and practice, text and reader, and organization and improvisation) and concentrates on the needs of the individual…

This pamphlet for high school and college students explains group action techniques for organizing responses to unfair educational or community policies. Focus is on problems of the urban and suburban school student. It is designed to help students overcome problems of inexperience which can hamper sincere group expression. Seven chapters discuss…

Portuguese immigrants in America and Canada have certain institutions in their traditional socio-culture which are considered to act as preadaptive mechanisms in the migrant's settling-in process. This paper discusses one locale which has a large proportion of recent Portuguese immigrants, and emphasizes how women, in particular, are important in…

Increased United States involvement in world affairs has been accompanied by an increase in the number of Americans living abroad in numerous American enclaves. Most of the commentary on such "overseas American communities" is impressionistic, superficial, and stereotyped, and tends to foster the notion that Americans are peculiarly ethnocentric.…

The objective of this study was to discover what has happened as a result of school desegregation. The research was guided by a major premise that the behavior of students in schools is linked to the social environment from which they derive. Hence the research encompassed the total community as a setting of the differences between blacks and…

A framework for approaching an issue-oriented American history course through the small group technique (grouping of 5 to 7 students) is provided in this paper. Student grouping in a cooperative style enhances affective and cognitive development and, further, allows for evaluation of each member's and group's contributions. Provided are rationale;…