Pertinent findings from the combined analyses of results of the United States Office of Education First-Grade Reading Studies are presented. Suggestions for incorporating diagnostic findings into the classroom teaching of reading are presented. The first-grade studies demonstrate that the reading achievement of first- and second-grade children is…

It is argued that research on the nature of classroom interaction and on the relationships between such interaction and student outcome measures must use the student rather than the class mean as the basic unit of analysis. This is due to a number of factors: (a) students in the same classroom, no matter how homogeneous, show great individual…

A comprehensive review of the literature regarding the impact of college on students has indicated that the most striking principle in these studies is the tendency of initial differences in characteristics among groups entering diverse settings to increase over time. The purpose of the present study is to investigate this phenomenon of…

Individual differences in cognitive structures resulting primarily from exposure to physics content were investigated in this research study. Thirty college students were divided into a treatment group of 19 and a control group of 11. A regression analysis indicated that individual differences were probably operative. An analysis of variance…

The relationship of Locus of Control and Sensation Seeking to 267 high school students' perceptions of their Actual and Ideal socio-psychological climates as measured by the Learning Environment Inventory (LEI) was investigated. A principal components analysis of the LEI responses yielded three substantive dimensions: pleasantness index,…

The history of attempts by psychologists to determine the contribution of personality to intelligence has not been one of unqualified success. Part of the problem may be in the balance of granularity of analyses on the intelligence side and the personality side. A comprehensive analysis of the contributions of extraversion and neuroticism to…

This paper reviews some of the research findings relating to the issue of personalism versus situationism in the psychology of personality. The recurrent controversy regarding the relative importance of situations, personal dispositions, and interactions between these is addressed with a focus on the manner in which persons perceive, construe, and…

Focusing on feedback as a necessary condition for goals to affect performance, it was predicted that feedback and goals would be interactively related to performance. This prediction complements findings by Locke and his colleagues that knowledge alone is not sufficient condition for effective performance. Also, it was suggested that the…

The primary purpose of this study was to establish normative data for the cognitive style behaviors of children from kindergarten through the ninth grade. Approximately 400 students served as subjects. The measures used were a free response pictorial-, a multiple choice pictorial-, and a multiple choice verbal-test. Cognitive style behavior was…

Previous studies show that a listener has the potential to receive recorded information at a rate far exceeding the rates that are used for conversation and for the production of tape recordings. However, few studies have examined listeners' rate preferences. Thus, 48 elementary school children in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th grade listened to a series…

Fifty-eight students (in grades 5 and 6) of average or near-average intelligence (who were reading 2 or more years below their normal expected level and who learned best through the auditory modality) took part in a study to evaluate the following areas: the effectiveness of two auditory highlighting procedures for increasing listening…

In research conducted "over a period of 20 years" on aptitudes of high level personnel, the purpose was to analyze thinking abilities or processes into their unique components. The approach was through study of individual differences in performance on intellectual tasks varied systematically over broad ranges of psychological functioning.…

A plan for individualizing instruction in large or small secondary reading classes is presented. The need for adapting reading instruction to individual student differences is discussed with emphasis upon a complete and thorough diagnosis of each student's individual needs. Techniques are outlined for measuring, interpreting, and recording…

A biographical inventory, an ability test, and three reading tests were administered to 699 persons who were hopeful about beginning course work at the University of Calgary. These students were categorized as Mature Non-matriculants because they did not have senior matriculation which is necessary for normal entry to the university. A total of…

The premises of this article are that the teacher should be the prime developer of curriculum and that total staff involvement in curriculum development must be a reality if instructional improvement in reading is to be effected. With this in mind, eight musts for teachers are set forth and expounded upon. (1) The teacher must set the scope of the…