The article criticizes current special education practices, noting that the concept of individual differences has led ultimately to the practice of labeling children with special needs. The "medical model" has put children in special classes, where they tend to perpetuate and reinforce both the labels and behaviors implied by those labels.…

Genetic and environmental correlations among 11 Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) subtests were estimated from a sample of 143 twin pairs using the methodology of multivariate behavioral genetics. Correlations due to within-pair environmental influences were generally small, whereas those due to shared environmental…

Contends persistent heterogenity observed among older adults indicates aging processes are the synergistic products of biological, psychosocial, and cultural factors. Asserts evidence of modifiability promotes consideration of alternative policies regarding the construction of alternative futures for older adults and aging societies. (Author/ABL)

Investigated achieving styles of student affairs professionals and students involved in student activities using the Lipman, Blumen, Leavitt, and Associates Achieving Styles Inventory. Found means to vary by role and by gender. Reviews the theoretical development of the achieving styles model and offers profiles of students and of student affairs…

Thirty gifted education teachers were compared with 46 regular education teachers using the Teacher Perceiver Interview. Gifted teachers differed from regular teachers on six characteristics (Focus, Gestalt, Innovation, Mission, Rapport Drive, and Investment) but did not differ on two commonly cited characteristics of gifted teachers:…

Points out that the world of television activates, cultivates, and alters the gender schemata that children bring to the viewing situation. Finds that viewing can also promote creation of new schemata or modification of existing ones. (Author/RWB)

Confirmatory factor analyses were used to evaluate the fit of four factor models to high school students' responses to Paivio's Individual Differences Questionnaire (IDQ). Results showed that the IDQ's structure is best represented by a multifactor, oblique model and that five of the factors identified by Paivio can be replicated using a 34-item…

Data analysis of responses from 251 early adolescents on measures of cognitive development and perceived parental support revealed: (1) formal operations diminished adolescent egocentrism; and (2) perceived parental relations were predictive of self-consciousness. Contrary to posttheoretical assumptions, seventh graders at the concrete operations…

Describes the presence of a phonological selection strategy and consonant harmony rule in one child's developing phonological system. Evidence suggests that this constant harmony constraint operated across morpheme boundaries, causing a delay in the onset of two-word utterances and influencing the selection of words that could occur in word…

Examines the use of the repertory grid technique to describe student responses to the poem "Frost at Midnight" by Coleridge. (HOD)

A conceptual theory for predicting the relations between intellectual abilities and performance during task practice is proposed and is evaluated through an experiment with high school and college students. This macro-theory integrates hierarchical theories of intellectual abilities with information-processing theories of automatic and controlled…

Reviews the research that has tested the "goodness of fit" model of temperament-context relations and proposes that research aimed at testing this model should examine how inter-individual differences in interactions between children and their contexts over time establish correlations between individuals and their settings. (HOD)

Reviews current research on the individual temperament of young children and recommends strategies to understand and build upon children's personality strengths. Discusses the influence of adult perceptions and misperceptions on children's personality development. (DT)

Two experiments were performed to examine the encoding function of note taking and processing differences between successful and less successful college students in lecture situations. Memory differences between these two student groups were interpreted as the result of factors occuring during note taking. Successful students engaged in greater…

Reviews arguments for, but questions the validity of, the "information society" and presents a personal view of communication which includes six "laws" (e.g., communication usually fails, except by chance) and a situational model (same messages and communications may create different effects in different communication…