Concerning the issues of emotional development, general agreement can only be reached on the definition of "emotional" behavior. Behavior is emotional when it varies from an individual's behavioral baseline by the addition of three components: (1) an action component, (2) an arousal component, and (3) a subjective "feeling" component. In all areas…

Heart rate change was used as the index of the orienting response (OR) of 102 kindergarten children. Heart rate change was measured by recording heart rate upon the presentation of tones. 15 similar tones followed by a different, 16th tone, were used. From this data the children were divided into high, medium, or low orientors. Following the…

Discussed are ways to meet the needs of the individual preschool child within the child care center. Ways in which each child is unique are given to include type of personality rate of development, attitude toward the world, and coping method. Discussed are causes of individual differences including heredity and environment, prenatal and postnatal…

One of a series of nine articles which review recent educational literature and offer hints to teachers, this paper examines children as potential adults. They bring to school with them all the diversity and advantages or disadvantages of their homes, families, and environments. From all these influences each child has developed a picture of…

The Barclay Classroom Climate Inventory (BCCI) was used in the Athens Teacher Corps Project to appraise individual differences among students in grades 3-5, to guide in selecting alternative curriculum strategies for children with identified skill deficits, and to evaluate the effectiveness of those selected strategies. Intervention strategies…

This document, eighth in a series of 11 subvolumes of a handbook prepared to provide training for educational research and development personnel in the development of instructional materials, deals with the task of planning accommodation of individual differences. The document is organized according to the two sequential steps involved in…

The problems stated at the outset were: to discover whether information provided by confidence testing would result in a more accurate assessment of student knowledge so more personal individualized instruction could be presented, and whether sufficient precise data could be attained to be of significant aid in curriculum planning. Analysis has…

The pattern of responses to the Enhancement of Learning Inventory (ELI), designed to assess a teacher's belief about the effectiveness of methods for teaching each pupil, is expected to: (1) reliably describe characteristics on which teachers differ; (2) relate to individual differences in pupil background and behavioral characteristics; and (3)…

The hypothesis discussed in this article is that positive attention to the creative process with ample opportunity to write and tell stories and ideas will result in more competency in the skills of writing - and considerable more success and joy in the art of writing - than will the teaching of the skills per se in the early years. To nurture…

Nearly 500 boys and 500 girls in the 4th, 5th and 6th grades filled out the Child Study Security Test, Elementary Form, while their 34 teachers completed a 16 item Teacher Rating Questionnaire. The pupils' self-reported personality characteristics were then correlated with their teacher's ratings. Agreement was used as an indicator of the…

This paper discusses the use of student groups in formal education. A model is proposed which involves the development of student interdependence on common tasks, the use of group incentives which may be earned through competition with a standard or with other groups, and the exchange of student resources in teaching and learning. In contrast to…

In two separate paired-associate learning experiments each employing 40 university students as subjects, the contribution of individual differences (IDs) in arousal to short- and long-term retention was investigated using IDs in salivary response to lemon juice stimulation as an index of arousal. Experimental subjects were pre-selected out of 184…

This book is divided into two parts: a discussion of the role of individualized instruction in today's schools, and a detailed description of objectives and implementation of the Duluth Individualized Mathematics Program. In the first part, the author argues that schools should not be preservers of tradition but agents of change; diversity should…

This curriculum guide presents a 2- or 3-week unit concerned with the individual child and his relationships with members of the classroom social group. One in a series of resource units, this unit is placed first for several reasons: (1) its content is highly motivational; (2) it provides a meaningful context for acquainting children with each…

Student control of computer-assisted instruction has a number of pragmatic advantages due to difficulties in providing a general program which is truly individualized. The attempt here has been to define and describe the commands which could be modified to provide learner control in any computer-assisted instruction course. Some of the commands…