The traditional method of measuring self-esteem has been to construct instruments based on their face validity, even though this approach has been shown to involve many difficulties when deriving scales for subjective dimensions such as self-esteem. An alternative approach to the measurement of self-esteem is based on techniques of psychophysical…

Relationships between media format, sensory channel, and cognitive information processing are not straightforward. Media format does not determine information processing and storage except when a deliberate attempt is made to model cognitive processes by manipulating the medium. Sensory channel only affects processing and learning for relatively…

The reward-cost model of helping behavior in emergency situations suggests that the probability that an observer will help a victim depends, in part, on the relative strength of the rewards and costs of providing help. Factors that influence willingness to help in non-emergency situations were examined using descriptions of situations in which a…

Research suggests that the perception of personal competence may account for a significant portion of the variance in individual physical and psychological well-being. Yet to be investigated is how people arrive at judgments of their competence, the structure of personal competence perception represented by these judgments, and the relation of the…

The relationships between a diverse set of individual difference, demographic, and aptitude variables; and a set of student attitudes and behaviors pertinent to experiences in large lecture classes were examined. The sample was 4300 students enrolled in 33 lecture classes at a large university. The relationship between the set of individual…

"Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself, "wrote Leo Tolstoy. Have you ever thought about how learning changes your brain? If yes, this paper may help you explore the research that will change our learning landscape in the next few years! Recent developers in the neurosciences and education research…

This study aims to determine whether trait categories are generally perceived as more applicable to others than to self. Subjects described themselves and two acquaintances on trait checklists, indicating not only placement on trait continuum but also perceived consistency of trait-related behavior. Positive, negative, and neutral traits were…

A vast literature in educational psychology attests to the fact that individual differences in learner aptitudes predict learning outcomes. A substantial body of literature also demonstrates that aptitude variables often interact with instructional treatment variables in these predictions. Aptitude main effects and aptitude-instructional treatment…

The Interest Center at Munger Junior High in Wichita, Kansas is an alternative program to which any 12- to 16-year-old student in the district may apply. Assignments are made as opening occur, and a balance of age, sex, race, and special problems is maintained. The center is concerned with recognizing individual differences among students, while…

Data taken from four studies of behavioristic and humanistic precollege psychology teachers in Florida and Mississippi are examined with respect to the objectives for offering and reasons for taking the psychology course, the topics and content that are and should be included in the course, and the audiovisual and instructional aids that are…

A reliable, easily administered performance test of selective attentional ability was sought. A monaural listening task provided a baseline control for adequate hearing and memory; a dichotic listening task then provided indices of ability to focus attention and resist distraction while a simultaneous listening task provided measures of ability to…

Mastery learning has been called cold and impersonal. On the contrary, it is humane because it allows for individual differences, emphasizes each student's ability to master the subject at hand, and provides honest and opencommunication between students and instructors. (DC)

A brief analysis of the cognitive, psychic, and social changes characteristic of today's middle-school-aged child. (CS)

The cognitive judgment process underlying the rating of a teacher's behavior was explored in three experiments. Ratings were hypothesized to compare the teacher's behavior against the students' frame of references and opinions toward the teacher. (Author/DEP)

Assesses the comparability of adolescents', and their parents' attitudes toward contemporary societal issues as well as each familial groups' perceptions of the other two groups' attitudes. Results are discussed in terms of the cognitive and emotional significance of the intrafamilial attitudes of adolescent and parents. (Author/DEP)