This study investigated attribute by treatment interactions between prior familiarity and response mode to programmed materials for college level subjects by manipulating subjects' familiarity. The programs were a revised version of Diagnosis of Myocardial Infraction in standard format and in a reading version. Materials to familiarize subjects…

Children will individually react to television program content according to different psychological characteristics, one of which is self-esteem. Results of one study revealed a definite relationship between a child's self-esteem and his "modeling," or imitative behavior, after observing a televised film. A self-esteem inventory was administered…

The problem of this study was to provide for the individual differences in a heterogeneous group of students where the reading levels ranged from 2.4 to 8.1 as measured by the Iowa Test of Basic Skills. A group of 26 sixth graders were the subjects for the project. Some of the behavioral objectives for the sixth grade students in the experimental…

The author attempts to categorize the methodological approaches which have been used in self-disclosure research, identify some of the important problems that attend these research procedures, and propose some alternative strategies for future research on self-disclosure. He discusses correlational and experimental research strategies. The…

The reflection-impulsivity (R-I) dimension of individual variation incognitive processes is discussed. A literature review focuses on studies that have supported the validity of the R-I dimension as a concept, and studies providing evidence of a direct relationship between the R-I dimension and visual scanningstrategies. This study compares the…

Several works have suggested that life proceeds in a pattern of developmental stages characterized by expansion during the early adult years and restriction, or withdrawal, after middle age. Postulating that self-concept might also be expected to reflect this curvilinear pattern of life stages, the author explored differences in adult self-concept…

This study investigated whether various kinds of preschool programs have differential cognitive effects on different kinds of children. Relevant literature was reviewed and data, generated in the first 2 years of the Head Start Planned Variations Study (PVS), were analyzed. The eight preschool programs associated with the PVS were considered.…

This study investigates the questions of why male and female college students tend to chosse different fields of study. Subjects were recruited by mail from the list of incoming Freshmen of the University of California at Riverside and sampled randomly to represent one fifth of the Freshman class. Since subjects were paid for their participation…

This pamphlet is intended for teachers and other people concerned with the teaching of reading. The sections of the pamphlet include: "Individual Differences," which looks at how schools have tried to meet the problem of individual differences; "Working with Individual Difference," which discusses what an individual brings with him to the…

This study used the national crisis following President Nixon's decision to send troops into Cambodia as an opportunity to investigate the effectiveness of social influence variables (sex and clothing attire) under conditions of high ego-involvement. Four hundred and forty-six adult passersby were presented an antiwar petition by the authors (one…

The study explored relationships between aptitude test composites and final school grades in Air Force technical training for various cultural subgroups based on race, educational level, and geographical area of enlistment. Regressions of final school grade on an aptitude index were compared for the different subgroups in ten samples of technical…

Seven studies were conducted to investigate the interactions between imagery-ability and experimental treatments that parallel instructional procedures. The general orientation of the studies was to extend the concepts of imaginal and verbal coding systems to include individual differences in symbolic habits. Thus all the studies took into account…

An investigation of a theory of "idiosyncrasy credit" which was developed by Hollander (1958) as a framework for understanding status and conformity, was undertaken in the community college setting. Idiosyncrasy credit represents status and allows for behavior which may exceed the "limits" set by the common expectancies of a group. The specific…

In this investigation of potential sources of individual differences in free-recall learning and retention by children, learning ability is defined in terms of performance on a free-recall test with the upper and lower thirds of the distribution typically being defined as fast and slow learners. Variables concerned with short-term memory,…

Primarily a longitudinal and quantitative analysis of achievement functioning, this experiment sought to identify factors which promote or impair the learning of individual children. The 683 Junior High students were divided into one of eight groups according to sex, race and whether their seventh grade Iowa Test of Basic Skills Composite score…