Mexican-American and Anglo-American children from a semirural low-income elementary school were tested for competition, individualism, field independence, and school achievement. The Mexican-American children were found to be more prosocial and less competitive, but these factors were not necessarily related to lower school achievement. (GDC)

A model was proposed which considered individual differences and work environment in the design of management-by-objectives (MBO) programs. The field-testing of the model indicated that consideration must be given not only to the feasibility of the task goals and their applicability to the larger organizational objectives, but also to employee…

Questions the basis on which certain decisions are made and conclusions reached in schools with regard to intelligence testing. Discusses three distinct flaws in intelligence testing and how such tests must be designed to account for individual differences. (Author/RK)

Assessment is made of the effectiveness of teachers' ratings and of a battery of cognitive and psychometric tasks in predicting achievement in reading and arithmetic in grades 1, 2, and 3. (Author/BW)

Items from the Femininity (Fe) scale of the California Psychological Inventory were assigned to two logically independent subscales: Feminine Tendency (Ft) and Masculine Tendency (Mt). Architects (n=40) nominated as exceptionally creative and their colleagues (n=43) scored higher than unnominated controls (n=41) on Ft but were not significantly…

Encourages students' natural responses in news writing, allowing students to develop personal writing styles that make standard or routine stories more interesting. (RL)

Finds no group differences in moral judgment between learning-disabled children and normal achievers. Discusses the results in terms of behavior problems associated with the learning-disabled. (RL)

Results of a questionnaire administered to 800 registered nurses in Illinois indicated significant differences in identified learning needs and participation in continuing education according to characteristics such as age, income, nursing program, and employment position. (TA)

Multiple regression analysis of interview data from 102 non-institutionalized retired black men and women in a large urban area revealed a number of factors related to life satisfaction. Results are supportive of previous findings in whites, but questions raised regarding the applicability of prior findings to black aged. (Author)

Children's learning preferences sometimes appear to be unique and specific to their cultural groups. (MM)

The use and problems associated with standardized tests are not only technical, but also involve philosophical and moral issues such as "what it is that we want education to be," and "what are the behaviors and goals of educators and learners that we are willing to encourage." (Author/AM)

Two longitudinal studies focused on naturally occurring conversations at home among (1) 18- and 24-month-old second-born children, mothers, and older siblings, and (2) first-born children 25 and 32 months old, mothers, and younger siblings. By two years of age most children referred to a range of feeling states in self and other, and discussed the…

Used Holland high-point code and Self-Directed Search scale scores to predict benefit from a self-help career counseling intervention for 52 students undecided as to career. Participants with realistic, investigative, or conventional high-point codes showed greater changes in vocational identity when compared with participants with artistic,…

A general theoretical framework to guide research on self-instructional training was presented which suggests that the approach is particularly useful to young nonretarded children and mentally retarded persons. Retarded children taught to self-instruct show better attention, memory, and motivation and manifest less impulsive behavior, maladaptive…